Electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing globally, but the impact of this source of combined pollution on soil biodiversity and multiple soil functions (i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of combined pollution on the biodiversity and soil multifunctionality using samples collected from upland and paddy soils chronically contaminated with e-waste. Overall biodiversity, as well as the relative abundance and biodiversity of key ecological clusters, as combined pollution concentrations increased in upland soil, while the opposite was true in paddy soil. Soil multifunctionality followed the same trend. Organic pollutants had significant negative effects on soil multifunctionality and were the main influencing factors in upland soil. Heavy metals had significant positive effects on soil multifunctionality in paddy soil. Moreover, driving soil multifunctionality was overall biodiversity in upland soil but key biodiversity in paddy soil. Importantly, a strong positive association between key organism biodiversity and soil multifunctionality was found in soil with low contamination. However, the relationship between key organism biodiversity and soil multifunctionality weakened or disappeared in highly contaminated soil, whereas overall biodiversity was significantly and positively correlated with multifunctionality. Our results emphasized that severe e-waste contamination would reduce soil biodiversity and soil multifunctionality and warrants high attention.

电子垃圾（e-waste）在全球范围内不断增加，但这种综合污染源对土壤生物多样性和多种土壤功能（即生态系统多功能性）的影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用从长期被电子废物污染的高地和稻田土壤中收集的样本评估了综合污染对生物多样性和土壤多功能性的影响。总体生物多样性，以及关键生态集群的相对丰度和生物多样性，因为陆地土壤的综合污染浓度增加，而水稻土则相反。土壤多功能性也遵循同样的趋势。有机污染物对土壤多功能性有显着的负面影响，是旱地土壤的主要影响因素。重金属对水稻土的土壤多功能性有显着的正向影响。此外，驱动土壤多功能性的是旱地土壤中的整体生物多样性，但稻田土壤中的关键生物多样性。重要的是，在低污染土壤中发现关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间存在强烈的正相关关系。然而，关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间的关系在高度污染的土壤中减弱或消失，而整体生物多样性与多功能性呈显着正相关。我们的研究结果强调，严重的电子废物污染会降低土壤生物多样性和土壤多功能性，值得高度关注。驱动土壤多功能性的是高地土壤中的整体生物多样性，但稻田土壤中的关键生物多样性。重要的是，在低污染土壤中发现关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间存在强烈的正相关关系。然而，关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间的关系在高度污染的土壤中减弱或消失，而整体生物多样性与多功能性呈显着正相关。我们的研究结果强调，严重的电子废物污染会降低土壤生物多样性和土壤多功能性，值得高度关注。驱动土壤多功能性的是高地土壤中的整体生物多样性，但稻田土壤中的关键生物多样性。重要的是，在低污染土壤中发现关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间存在强烈的正相关关系。然而，关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性之间的关系在高度污染的土壤中减弱或消失，而整体生物多样性与多功能性呈显着正相关。我们的研究结果强调，严重的电子废物污染会降低土壤生物多样性和土壤多功能性，值得高度关注。重污染土壤中关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性的关系减弱或消失，而整体生物多样性与多功能性呈显着正相关。我们的研究结果强调，严重的电子废物污染会降低土壤生物多样性和土壤多功能性，值得高度关注。重污染土壤中关键生物多样性与土壤多功能性的关系减弱或消失，而整体生物多样性与多功能性呈显着正相关。我们的研究结果强调，严重的电子废物污染会降低土壤生物多样性和土壤多功能性，值得高度关注。