Doctrinal arguments and two examples illustrating the practice of the Spanish courts highlight two risk factors that can undermine the effectiveness of enforcement actions by States in matters involving high seas fishing. Firstly, the absence from treaty law of clearly defined conduct standards and unequivocal criminal enforcement routes to provide a positive basis for the exercise of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. Secondly, the transcendence of individual rights and constitutional principles enshrined in domestic constitutional and European Union law and safeguarded by national courts, and their potential for tension with international fisheries conservation objectives. Through a brief analysis of those tensions, the article leads to a reflection on the relevance of legal security considerations to inform the development of international and regional legal frameworks and decision-making mechanisms for addressing high seas illegal and unregulated fishing.

说明西班牙法院实践的理论论点和两个例子突出了两个风险因素，这些因素可能会破坏各国在涉及公海捕鱼的问题上的执法行动的有效性。首先，条约法缺乏明确界定的行为标准和明确的刑事执行途径，为行使域外刑事管辖权提供了积极基础。其次，超越国内宪法和欧盟法律并由国家法院维护的个人权利和宪法原则，以及它们与国际渔业保护目标的潜在冲突。通过对这些紧张局势的简要分析，