Research illustrating the adverse impact of discrimination and the increasing ethnic and racial diversity in the United States has resulted in a substantial body of work examining risk and protective factors for marginalized and ethnic and racial minority individuals. One factor that has received considerable attention over the past several decades is ethnic–racial socialization (ERS). Extant empirical research on ERS has heavily focused on parents, especially mothers, as socialization agents. What is noticeably missing from this literature is the potentially important roles of siblings as salient ERS agents. After briefly illustrating the focus of past research on parents as ERS agents, we review the theoretical justification for studying siblings in the ERS process and the very limited research on siblings’ role in ERS-related processes. We close with a discussion of the important considerations for future researchers investigating sibling ERS.

中文翻译：

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作为民族-种族社会化推动者的兄弟姐妹：研究呼吁

说明歧视的不利影响以及美国日益增加的种族和种族多样性的研究导致大量工作检查边缘化和种族和种族少数群体的风险和保护因素。在过去几十年中受到相当关注的一个因素是民族-种族社会化（ERS）。现存的 ERS ​​实证研究主要集中在作为社会化代理人的父母，尤其是母亲身上。该文献中明显缺失的是兄弟姐妹作为重要的 ERS ​​代理人的潜在重要作用。在简要说明过去将父母作为 ERS ​​代理人的研究重点之后，我们回顾了在 ERS ​​过程中研究兄弟姐妹的理论依据，以及关于兄弟姐妹在 ERS ​​相关过程中的作用的非常有限的研究。最后，我们讨论了未来研究人员调查兄弟 ERS ​​的重要考虑因素。