Information on the genetic diversity of commercial cultivars is of fundamental importance for crop improvement. In addition, information about possible interactions between the maintainers developing these cultivars can help design a breeding program. The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars released in Brazil from 1998 to 2017 and compare the similarity between maintainers of these cultivars based on the phenotypic information disclosed. Data was collected on 1,587 soybean cultivars registered in the National Register of Cultivars of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply belonging to 59 different maintainers. Among these cultivars, 12 agromorphological traits were evaluated. To perform the grouping and select the main discriminating traits of the cultivars, the Random Forest method was used. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to obtain the variance explanation percentage of the traits evaluated in each dimension and coordinates among the maintainers. The maintainers were organized through Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) through the respective coordinates. There is a wide variety of maintainers of soybean cultivars in Brazil with different objectives for launching new cultivars. Among the maintainers, Soymax presented the most restricted genetic base. The other private companies showed more remarkable similarities and a broader genetic base. The public institution EMBRAPA presented the greatest genetic diversity in its population base. Federal University of Uberlândia and Federal University of Viçosa can be partners to launch soybean cultivars given the proximity between neurons in Kohonen analysis. The high diversity of traits shows that the genetic base of soybean in Brazil is large.

中文翻译：

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使用自组织图谱的商业大豆品种维护者之间的遗传多样性和相互作用

有关商业品种遗传多样性的信息对于作物改良至关重要。此外，有关开发这些品种的维护者之间可能相互作用的信息可以帮助设计育种计划。这项工作的目的是研究大豆 [ Glycine max(L.) Merr.] 1998 年至 2017 年在巴西发布的品种，并根据公开的表型信息比较这些品种维护者之间的相似性。收集了在农业、畜牧业和供应部国家品种登记册中注册的 1,587 个大豆品种的数据，这些品种属于 59 个不同的维护者。在这些品种中，对 12 个农艺性状进行了评价。为了进行分组并选择品种的主要鉴别性状，使用了随机森林方法。进行多重对应分析以获得维护者之间在每个维度和坐标中评估的性状的方差解释百分比。维护人员通过 Kohonen 自组织图 (SOM) 通过各自的坐标进行组织。巴西有各种各样的大豆品种维护者，其推出新品种的目标各不相同。在维护者中，Soymax 提供了最受限制的遗传基础。其他私营公司表现出更显着的相似性和更广泛的基因基础。公共机构 EMBRAPA 在其人口基数中展示了最大的遗传多样性。鉴于 Kohonen 分析中神经元之间的接近性，乌贝兰迪亚联邦大学和维索萨联邦大学可以合作推出大豆品种。性状的高度多样性表明巴西大豆的遗传基础很大。其他私营公司表现出更显着的相似性和更广泛的基因基础。公共机构 EMBRAPA 在其人口基数中展示了最大的遗传多样性。鉴于 Kohonen 分析中神经元之间的接近性，乌贝兰迪亚联邦大学和维索萨联邦大学可以合作推出大豆品种。性状的高度多样性表明巴西大豆的遗传基础很大。其他私营公司表现出更显着的相似性和更广泛的基因基础。公共机构 EMBRAPA 在其人口基数中展示了最大的遗传多样性。鉴于 Kohonen 分析中神经元之间的接近性，乌贝兰迪亚联邦大学和维索萨联邦大学可以合作推出大豆品种。性状的高度多样性表明巴西大豆的遗传基础很大。