A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out by using a Brassica napus population of 175 lines, developed from six B. napus × B. oleracea interspecific crosses, and 5,743 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for agronomic and seed quality traits and to understand the effect of B. oleracea alleles on these traits. Heritability of these traits varied from 52.9 to 84.1%. About 79% of the SNPs were positioned to the nine C genome chromosomes, while only 21% to the 10 A genome chromosomes; this was largely due to little genetic variation in the A genome of this population, as expected. However, the SNPs were distributed throughout the entire length of the chromosomes suggesting their usefulness in GWAS. The C genome SNPs detected nine genomic regions affecting these traits. This included the genomic regions of C2 and C5 affecting days to flowering, C1 affecting the duration of grain-filling period, C1, C5, and C8 affecting oil content, and C1, C2, and C6 affecting glucosinolate content; among these, some of the loci has not been reported previously. The QTL alleles of B. oleracea which can be beneficial in oilseed B. napus, such as the C5 QTL allele for the earliness of flowering, were also identified. Several putative candidate genes were identified in the QTL regions. Thus, the results provided evidence of the utility of the B. oleracea gene pool for use in unveiling the unidentified QTL in B. napus as well as its use in breeding.

中文翻译：

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使用 B. oleracea 多样化的甘蓝型油菜种群鉴定 C 基因组中农艺和种子品质性状的 QTL 和等位基因

一项全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 是通过使用由六个B. napus × B. oleracea种间杂交开发的 175 个品系的甘蓝型油菜种群和 5,743 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记来识别数量性状位点 ( QTL）用于农艺和种子品质性状，并了解B. oleracea的影响这些性状的等位基因。这些性状的遗传力从 52.9% 到 84.1% 不等。大约79%的SNP定位于9条C基因组染色体，而只有21%定位于10条A基因组染色体；正如预期的那样，这主要是由于该人群 A 基因组的遗传变异很小。然而，SNP 分布在染色体的整个长度上，表明它们在 GWAS 中的有用性。C 基因组 SNP 检测到影响这些性状的九个基因组区域。这包括影响开花天数的 C2 和 C5 基因组区域，影响灌浆期持续时间的 C1，影响油含量的 C1、C5 和 C8，以及影响芥子油苷含量的 C1、C2 和 C6；其中，一些基因座以前没有被报道过。B. oleracea的 QTL 等位基因还鉴定了可能对油籽B.napus有益的基因，例如用于提早开花的 C5 QTL 等位基因。在 QTL 区域中鉴定了几个推定的候选基因。因此，结果提供了B.oleracea基因库用于揭示B.napus中未鉴定的 QTL 及其在育种中的用途的证据。