Phase Contrast X-Ray Imaging of the Collapse of an Engineered Void in Single-Crystal HMX,Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Phase Contrast X-Ray Imaging of the Collapse of an Engineered Void in Single-Crystal HMX
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100297
Christian J. Blum‐Sorensen ₁ , Camilo A. Duarte ₁ , Jonathan D. Drake ₂ , Nicholas E. Kerschen ₁ , Kamel Fezzaa ₃ , Marisol Koslowski ₁ , Weinong W. Chen ₂ , Steven F. Son _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Imaging the collapse of a single void that creates a hot spot initiation site in an otherwise defect-free explosive is challenging given the spatial and temporal scales involved in explosive systems. This work presents our attempt to examine a single hot spot mode (void collapse) in single-crystal octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) embedded in Sylgard. The hot spot heating mechanisms involved with pore collapse include adiabatic heating, jetting, and viscoplastic dissipation. Quantifying the dynamics of a pore collapse is a crucial step to understanding which mechanisms dominate during ignition events. Our experiments were conducted with a single-stage, light-gas gun at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source, applying the phase contrast imaging technique while collecting high-speed video. The details of HMX single crystal production, defect (pore) engineering, and sample construction, along with experimental results are presented here. These results demonstrate that detailed collapse dynamics can be obtained from homogeneous, single-crystal explosives with this approach. Qualitative comparisons are made with simulation data which show good agreement in the transition between a quasi-symmetric pore collapse and an asymmetric collapse with jetting across the pore as measured with normalized pore area and pore circularity.

中文翻译：

单晶 HMX 中工程空隙坍塌的相衬 X 射线成像

考虑到爆炸系统涉及的空间和时间尺度，对在其他无缺陷的炸药中产生热点起始位置的单个空隙的坍塌进行成像具有挑战性。这项工作展示了我们尝试检查嵌入 Sylgard 的单晶八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑辛 (HMX) 中的单一热点模式（空隙塌陷）。与孔隙塌陷有关的热点加热机制包括绝热加热、喷射和粘塑性耗散。量化孔隙塌陷的动力学是了解在点火事件中哪些机制占主导地位的关键步骤。我们的实验是在阿贡国家实验室的高级光子源中使用单级光气枪进行的，在收集高速视频的同时应用了相衬成像技术。此处介绍了 HMX 单晶生产、缺陷（孔）工程和样品构建的详细信息以及实验结果。这些结果表明，使用这种方法可以从均匀的单晶炸药中获得详细的坍塌动力学。与模拟数据进行定性比较，这些模拟数据显示准对称孔隙塌陷与喷射穿过孔隙的不对称塌陷之间的过渡具有良好的一致性，如用归一化孔隙面积和孔隙圆度测量的那样。

更新日期：2022-08-02

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