An increasing number of elderly people retain their natural teeth into old age and further, the prevalence of endosseous implants for supporting oral prosthesis is ever increasing. These teeth and implants now present a considerable challenge in terms of maintenance, especially when patients become dependent on care. Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are more prevalent in elderly than in younger age cohorts. There are distinct differences related to the inflammatory response between periodontal and peri-implant tissues, both in young and old age. The age-related reasons for the increase in periodontal infections may be related to poor oral hygiene because of a loss of dexterity or vision, but also to immunosenescence. This term describes the aging of the immune system and the decline of its effectiveness with age. Low-grade infections, like chronic periodontitis, may cause low-grade inflammation and subsequently increase the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. In return, treatment of periodontitis may improve general health, as demonstrated for diabetes. A second mechanism illustrating how poor oral health translates into systemic disease is the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. The treatment options in old age should be evaluated with regard to the issues of general health and maintenance. Systematic periodontal maintenance therapy, as performed in younger age cohorts, may be difficult to implement in elderly people experiencing institutional or hospital confinement because of logistics, barriers related to patients and caregivers, or cost. The scale of periodontal disease in old age represents a public health issue.

中文翻译：

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住院和住院老人的牙周炎和种植体周围炎

越来越多的老年人保留他们的天然牙齿到晚年，此外，用于支持口腔修复体的骨内种植体的流行也在不断增加。这些牙齿和植入物现在在维护方面提出了相当大的挑战，尤其是当患者变得依赖护理时。与年轻人相比，老年人牙周和种植体周围疾病更为普遍。年轻人和老年人的牙周组织和种植体周围组织之间的炎症反应存在明显差异。牙周感染增加的年龄相关原因可能与由于灵活性或视力丧失导致的口腔卫生差有关，但也与免疫衰老有关。该术语描述了免疫系统的老化及其有效性随年龄的下降。低度感染，像慢性牙周炎一样，可能会引起低度炎症，从而增加患慢性病的可能性。作为回报，牙周炎的治疗可以改善整体健康状况，正如糖尿病所证明的那样。说明口腔健康不佳如何转化为全身性疾病的第二个机制是发生吸入性肺炎的风险。应根据一般健康和维持问题评估老年的治疗方案。由于物流、与患者和护理人员相关的障碍或成本，在较年轻人群中进行的系统性牙周维持治疗可能难以在经历机构或医院隔离的老年人中实施。老年牙周病的规模是一个公共卫生问题。可能会引起低度炎症，并随后增加患慢性病的可能性。作为回报，牙周炎的治疗可以改善整体健康状况，正如糖尿病所证明的那样。说明口腔健康不佳如何转化为全身性疾病的第二个机制是发生吸入性肺炎的风险。应根据一般健康和维持问题评估老年的治疗方案。由于物流、与患者和护理人员相关的障碍或成本，在较年轻人群中进行的系统性牙周维持治疗可能难以在经历机构或医院隔离的老年人中实施。老年牙周病的规模是一个公共卫生问题。可能会引起低度炎症，并随后增加患慢性病的可能性。作为回报，牙周炎的治疗可以改善整体健康状况，正如糖尿病所证明的那样。说明口腔健康不佳如何转化为全身性疾病的第二个机制是发生吸入性肺炎的风险。应根据一般健康和维持问题评估老年的治疗方案。由于物流、与患者和护理人员相关的障碍或成本，在较年轻人群中进行的系统性牙周维持治疗可能难以在经历机构或医院隔离的老年人中实施。老年牙周病的规模是一个公共卫生问题。