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Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-07 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107407
Jonathan Y S Leung 1, 2 , Sam Zhang 1 , Sean D Connell 2
Affiliation  

Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need to revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to critically re-evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifiers. Based on 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, and cephalopods) are found to be tolerant to near-future ocean acidification (pH ≈ 7.8 by the year 2100), but coccolithophores, calcifying algae, and corals appear to be sensitive. Calcifiers are generally more sensitive at the larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% of the observations in growth and calcification are non-negative, implying the acclimation capacity of many calcifiers to ocean acidification. This capacity can be mediated by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., physiological, mineralogical, structural, and molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers are less deleterious than initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, in the forthcoming era of ocean acidification research, it is advocated that studying how marine organisms persist is as important as studying how they perish, and that future hypotheses and experimental designs are not constrained within the paradigm of negative effects.

中文翻译:

海洋酸化真的对海洋钙化剂构成威胁吗?跨越两个十年的 980 多项研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

海洋酸化被认为对海洋钙化物有害,但越来越多的相互矛盾的证据表明需要重新审视这一概念。这项系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在批判性地重新评估海洋酸化对钙化物的负面影响的普遍范式。基于来自 985 项研究的 5153 项观察,发现许多钙化生物(例如,棘皮动物、甲壳类动物和头足类动物)能够耐受近期的海洋酸化(到 2100 年 pH ≈ 7.8),但出现了球石藻、钙化藻类和珊瑚要敏感。钙化剂在幼虫阶段通常比成虫阶段更敏感。超过 70% 的生长和钙化观察结果是非负的,这意味着许多钙化剂对海洋酸化的适应能力。这种能力可以通过表型可塑性(例如,生理学、矿物学、结构和分子调整)、跨代可塑性、增加的食物可用性或物种相互作用来介导。结果表明,海洋酸化对钙化物的影响没有最初认为的那么有害,因为它们的适应性被低估了。因此,在即将到来的海洋酸化研究时代,提倡研究海洋生物如何生存与研究它们如何灭亡同样重要,并且未来的假设和实验设计不受负面影响范式的约束。结果表明,海洋酸化对钙化物的影响没有最初认为的那么有害,因为它们的适应性被低估了。因此,在即将到来的海洋酸化研究时代,提倡研究海洋生物如何生存与研究它们如何灭亡同样重要,并且未来的假设和实验设计不受负面影响范式的约束。结果表明,海洋酸化对钙化物的影响没有最初认为的那么有害,因为它们的适应性被低估了。因此,在即将到来的海洋酸化研究时代,提倡研究海洋生物如何生存与研究它们如何灭亡同样重要,并且未来的假设和实验设计不受负面影响范式的约束。
更新日期:2022-08-07
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