If life exists on Mars, it would face several challenges including the presence of perchlorates, which destabilize biomacromolecules by inducing chaotropic stress. However, little is known about perchlorate toxicity for microorganisms on the cellular level. Here, we present the first proteomic investigation on the perchlorate-specific stress responses of the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii and compare these to generally known salt stress adaptations. We found that the responses to NaCl and NaClO₄-induced stresses share many common metabolic features, for example, signalling pathways, elevated energy metabolism, or osmolyte biosynthesis. Nevertheless, several new perchlorate-specific stress responses could be identified, such as protein glycosylation and cell wall remodulations, presumably in order to stabilize protein structures and the cell envelope. These stress responses would also be relevant for putative life on Mars, which—given the environmental conditions—likely developed chaotropic defence strategies such as stabilized confirmations of biomacromolecules or the formation of cell clusters.

中文翻译：

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Debaryomyces hansenii 的高氯酸盐特异性蛋白质组学应激反应可以使微生物在火星盐水中存活

如果火星上存在生命，它将面临多项挑战，包括高氯酸盐的存在，高氯酸盐会通过诱导离液压力来破坏生物大分子的稳定性。然而，关于高氯酸盐在细胞水平上对微生物的毒性知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了关于耐盐酵母Debaryomyces hansenii的高氯酸盐特异性应激反应的第一个蛋白质组学研究，并将这些与众所周知的盐胁迫适应性进行比较。我们发现对 NaCl 和 NaClO _4的反应-诱导的压力具有许多共同的代谢特征，例如，信号通路、能量代谢升高或渗透物生物合成。然而，可以确定几种新的高氯酸盐特异性应激反应，例如蛋白质糖基化和细胞壁再调节，可能是为了稳定蛋白质结构和细胞包膜。这些应激反应也与火星上假定的生命相关，在给定环境条件的情况下，火星上的生命可能会发展出离液防御策略，例如生物大分子的稳定确认或细胞簇的形成。