Bayesian methods are becoming increasingly used in applied psychological research. Previous researchers have thoroughly written about much of the details already, including the philosophy underlying Bayesian methods, computational issues associated with Bayesian model estimation, Bayesian model development and summary, and the role of Bayesian methods in the so-called replication crisis. In this paper, we seek to provide case studies comparing the use of frequentist methods to the use of Bayesian methods in applied psychological research. These case studies are intended to ‘illustrate by example’ the ways that Bayesian modelling differs from frequentist modelling and the differing conclusions that one may arrive at using the two methods. The intended audience is applied psychological researchers who have been trained in the traditional frequentist framework, who are familiar with mixed-effects models and who are curious about how statistical results might look in a Bayesian context. Along with our case studies, we provide general opinions and guidance on the use of Bayesian methods in applied psychological research.

中文翻译：

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贝叶斯之前/之后：应用心理学研究中常客和贝叶斯混合效应模型的比较

贝叶斯方法越来越多地用于应用心理学研究。以前的研究人员已经彻底写了很多细节，包括贝叶斯方法的基本原理、与贝叶斯模型估计相关的计算问题、贝叶斯模型的开发和总结，以及贝叶斯方法在所谓的复制危机中的作用。在本文中，我们试图提供案例研究，将频率论方法的使用与贝叶斯方法在应用心理学研究中的使用进行比较。这些案例研究旨在“通过实例说明”贝叶斯建模与常客建模的不同方式，以及使用这两种方法可能得出的不同结论。目标受众是接受过传统频率论框架培训的应用心理学研究人员，他们熟悉混合效应模型，并对统计结果在贝叶斯环境中的样子感到好奇。除了我们的案例研究，我们还提供了关于在应用心理学研究中使用贝叶斯方法的一般意见和指导。