Post-exercise mortality (PEM) may occur when fish exercise to exhaustion and are pushed so far beyond their physiological limits that they can no longer sustain life. Although fish exercise to overcome a variety of natural challenges, the phenomenon of PEM is most often observed as the result of interactions between fish and humans. The seminal work of Black (Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 15:573, 1958) and Wood et al. (J Fish Biol, 22:189, 1983) provided a foundation for exploring the potential causes of PEM in fish. With no “silver bullet” explaining PEM being apparent, contemporary research has continued to focus on physiological mechanisms of exhaustion in fish, including factors such as oxygen delivery, ion regulation, hormone signalling, and cardiac function. This paper provides an overview of these studies, and reviews the continuous improvement in data collection methods, tools, and experimental protocols used to examine the PEM phenomenon. These studies of exhaustion have played an important role in informing management actions for activities such as bycatch revival and fish passage. Since the contribution of Wood et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 22(2):189–201, 1983), the combined efforts of fundamental and applied research have yielded a greater understanding of why fish die after severe exercise, yet much remains to be explored through future work.

中文翻译：

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我们是否更接近于理解为什么鱼会在剧烈运动后死亡？

当鱼运动到筋疲力尽并且被推到远远超出其生理极限以致无法再维持生命时，可能会发生运动后死亡率 (PEM)。尽管鱼类运动以克服各种自然挑战，但最常观察到 PEM 现象是鱼类与人类之间相互作用的结果。Black (Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 15:573, 1958) 和 Wood 等人的开创性工作。(J Fish Biol, 22:189, 1983) 为探索鱼类中 PEM 的潜在原因奠定了基础。由于没有明显的“灵丹妙药”解释 PEM，当代研究继续关注鱼类疲惫的生理机制，包括氧气输送、离子调节、激素信号传导和心脏功能等因素。本文概述了这些研究，并回顾了用于检查 PEM 现象的数据收集方法、工具和实验协议的持续改进。这些耗竭研究在为兼捕恢复和鱼类通过等活动的管理行动提供信息方面发挥了重要作用。由于伍德等人的贡献。（Journal of Fish Biology, 22(2):189–201, 1983），基础研究和应用研究的联合努力使人们对剧烈运动后鱼类死亡的原因有了更深入的了解，但仍有许多事情需要通过未来的工作来探索。