Globalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land, and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, USA, and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. In total, 8939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage, and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.

中文翻译：

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商品全球流动介导的外来昆虫传播

全球化和经济增长被认为是生物入侵的主要驱动因素。外来物种已成为全球几乎每个生物群落的特征，并且随着人员和货物流动的加速，新引入的物种数量不断增加。昆虫是数量最多、问题最多的外来生物之一，主要是随进口货物或到达的旅客无意中引入的。然而，昆虫引入之前发生的过程仍然知之甚少。我们使用了来自澳大利亚、新西兰、欧洲、日本、美国和加拿大的空中、陆地和海港检查的 1,902,392 条边境拦截记录的独特数据集，以确定与昆虫通过贸易和旅行移动相关的关键商品。总共截获了 8939 个物种，1960 年至 2019 年间记录的 1242 个物种和商品关联数据可用。我们使用稀疏和外推法来估计与不同商品类型相关的总物种丰富度和多样性。植物和木制品是与昆虫在货物、旅客行李和国际邮件中移动相关的主要商品。此外，某些物种主要与这些和其他大类中的特定商品相关。更密切相关的物种往往具有相似的商品关联，但这主要发生在属的水平上，而不是在目或科内。属内的这些相似性可能会为新外来物种的途径管理提供信息。