• ➤ Orthobiologics encompass numerous substances that are naturally found in the human body including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), isolated growth factors, and cell therapy approaches to theoretically optimize and improve the healing of cartilage, fractures, and injured muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
• ➤ PRP is an autologous derivative of whole blood generated by centrifugation and is perhaps the most widely used orthobiologic treatment modality. Despite a vast amount of literature on its use in osteoarthritis as well as in tendon and ligament pathology, clinical efficacy results remain mixed, partly as a result of insufficient reporting of experimental details or exact compositions of PRP formulations used.
• ➤ Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a variety of tissues, with the most common being bone marrow aspirate concentrate. Similar to PRP, clinical results in orthopaedics with MSCs have been highly variable, with the quality and concentration of MSCs being highly contingent on the site of procurement and the techniques of harvesting and preparation.
• ➤ Advances in novel orthobiologics, therapeutic targets, and customized orthobiologic therapy will undoubtedly continue to burgeon, with some early promising results from studies targeting fibrosis and senescence.

中文翻译：

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富血小板血浆和细胞疗法治疗骨关节炎和肌腱和韧带损伤的现状

• ➤ 骨生物制剂包含大量天然存在于人体中的物质，包括富含血小板的血浆 (PRP)、分离的生长因子和细胞治疗方法，理论上可以优化和改善软骨、骨折和受伤肌肉、肌腱和韧带的愈合.
• ➤ PRP 是通过离心产生的全血的自体衍生物，可能是最广泛使用的骨科治疗方式。尽管有大量关于其在骨关节炎以及肌腱和韧带病理学中的应用的文献，但临床疗效结果仍然参差不齐，部分原因是对实验细节或所用 PRP 制剂的确切组成报告不足。
• ➤ 间充质基质细胞 (MSC) 可以从多种组织中分离出来，最常见的是骨髓抽吸浓缩物。与 PRP 类似，MSCs 骨科的临床结果差异很大，MSCs 的质量和浓度在很大程度上取决于采购地点以及收获和制备技术。
• ➤ 新型骨科生物制品、治疗靶点和定制骨科生物疗法的进展无疑将继续蓬勃发展，一些针对纤维化和衰老的研究的早期有希望的结果。