Single scattering albedo (SSA) is a key parameter to estimate aerosol direct radiative forcing. However, retrieving SSA from satellite observations is still challenging. In this study, a new method optimizing the aerosol optical model based on four basic aerosol components is developed for retrieving SSA from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The new method takes advantage of the relationship between aerosol composition and reflectance at multiple wavelengths to derive SSA, which considers the variation of aerosol species with time and location. A sensitivity study considering the uncertainties from the top of the atmosphere (TOA) apparent reflectance, aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm and land surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) parameters is performed to test the stability of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the high accuracy and robustness of the new method. The root mean square error (RMSE) is within 0.03 at 470 and 550 nm based on the sensitivity study. The aerosol components used in our method show better representativeness of real aerosol components than that used in the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum - Vector (6SV) model. The aerosols SSA values are retrieved from real MODIS observations with the new method and compared with the AERONET SSA product at two polluted AERONET sites in Asia. A better consistency with the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.27– 0.55 and the RMSE within 0.04 at 470 and 550 nm wavelengths between MODIS SSA retrievals and the AERONET SSA product is obtained with the new method compared with that of deep blue (DB) SSA. The new method can help to better understand aerosol radiative forcing regionally and globally.

单散射反照率 (SSA) 是估算气溶胶直接辐射强迫的关键参数。然而，从卫星观测中检索 SSA 仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于四个基本气溶胶成分优化气溶胶光学模型的新方法，用于从中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）数据中检索 SSA。新方法利用气溶胶成分与多波长反射率之间的关系来推导SSA，其中考虑了气溶胶种类随时间和位置的变化。一项考虑来自大气层顶部 (TOA) 表观反射率不确定性的敏感性研究，对 550 nm 处的气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 和地表双向反射率分布函数 (BRDF) 参数进行了测试，以测试所提方法的稳定性。结果证明了新方法的高精度和鲁棒性。根据灵敏度研究，均方根误差 (RMSE) 在 470 和 550 nm 处均在 0.03 以内。在我们的方法中使用的气溶胶成分比在太阳光谱 - 矢量（6SV）模型中卫星信号的第二次模拟中使用的气溶胶成分具有更好的代表性。气溶胶 SSA 值采用新方法从实际 MODIS 观测中检索，并与亚洲两个受污染的 AERONET 站点的 AERONET SSA 产品进行比较。与 0.27-0.55 的相关系数 (R) 和 0 以内的 RMSE 具有更好的一致性。与深蓝 (DB) SSA 相比，使用新方法获得了 MODIS SSA 反演和 AERONET SSA 产品之间在 470 和 550 nm 波长处的 04。新方法有助于更好地了解区域和全球气溶胶辐射强迫。