Due to their fascinating chemical, optical, electrical, and biological properties carbon dots (CDs or CDots), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted attention in biosensing as they can greatly improve the detection limit, sensitivity, and selectivity of biosensors. In general, CDs, CQDs, and GQDs are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials that are characterized by extraordinary fluorescence, a size less than 10 nm, high stability, low toxicity, and being easy to synthesize and presenting functional groups in their surface area that vary according to their synthesis source. In this review, a general description of the main methods and precursors reported in the scientific literature for the synthesis of CDs, CQDs, and GQDs are presented, as well as the chemical, optical, electrical, and biological properties that stand out the most from them; moreover, the main objective of this review is to summarize the application of these carbonaceous nanomaterials in biosensors for the detection of communicable and non-communicable diseases. The article summarizes the applications of CDs, CQDs, and GQDs according to the group of diseases they detected using the international classification of diseases in its 10th edition (ICD-10). To facilitate the reader's access to significant information from these biosensors, several tables summarize the information associated with the type of biomarker, the working ranges, and the biosensor assembly.

碳点（CDs或CDots）、碳量子点（CQDs）和石墨烯量子点（GQDs）由于其迷人的化学、光学、电学和生物学特性，在生物传感领域引起了广泛关注，因为它们可以大大提高检测限、灵敏度，以及生物传感器的选择性。一般来说，CDs、CQDs和GQDs是一类碳基纳米材料，具有荧光异常、尺寸小于10 nm、稳定性高、毒性低、易于合成和在其表面积呈现官能团等特点。因合成来源而异。在这篇综述中，概述了科学文献中报道的用于合成 CD、CQD 和 GQD 的主要方法和前体，以及化学、光学、电学、以及最突出的生物学特性；此外，本综述的主要目的是总结这些碳纳米材料在用于检测传染病和非传染病的生物传感器中的应用。本文根据国际疾病分类第 10 版 (ICD-10) 中检测到的疾病组，总结了 CD、CQD 和 GQD 的应用。为了方便读者从这些生物传感器中获取重要信息，几个表格总结了与生物标志物类型、工作范围和生物传感器组件相关的信息。本综述的主要目的是总结这些碳纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用，以检测传染性和非传染性疾病。本文根据国际疾病分类第 10 版 (ICD-10) 中检测到的疾病组，总结了 CD、CQD 和 GQD 的应用。为了方便读者从这些生物传感器中获取重要信息，几个表格总结了与生物标志物类型、工作范围和生物传感器组件相关的信息。本综述的主要目的是总结这些碳纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用，以检测传染性和非传染性疾病。本文根据国际疾病分类第 10 版 (ICD-10) 中检测到的疾病组，总结了 CD、CQD 和 GQD 的应用。为了方便读者从这些生物传感器中获取重要信息，几个表格总结了与生物标志物类型、工作范围和生物传感器组件相关的信息。