Improving the rational use of water and energy resources by optimising the heat supply system using P-Graph tools and additional analysis is discussed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the decomposition of the heat supply system of a city/settlement into separate districts and optimisation of the thermal energy network between consumers and energy sources. The determination of the optimal structure for the distribution of thermal energy between consumers in each district is carried out using the P-Graph approach and accounting import/export of energy and water resources. An additional analysis of the structure of heat supply systems allows for determining the structure with minimum operating cost, water consumption and emissions. The proposed approach was applied to optimise the heat supply system of Tomsk city. Three configurations of the heat supply system, characterized by different objective functions, were determined as a result of the study. The structure of the heat supply system obtained based on the operating cost minimisation reduces operating costs by 69 million RUB/y; water consumption minimisation decreases water consumption by 27.3 thousand m³/y; emission minimisation has cut emissions by 6,000 tCO₂/y and 517 tSO₂/y compared to the base case. The approach proposed may be used for the design of heat supply systems by finding the trade-off between the operating cost and the environmental footprint of the heat supply system. It makes it possible to optimise heat supply systems based on the economic and environmental capabilities of the region.

本文讨论了通过使用 P-Graph 工具和附加分析优化供热系统来提高水和能源资源的合理利用。所提出的方法基于将城市/住区的供热系统分解为不同的区域以及优化消费者和能源之间的热能网络。使用 P-Graph 方法并计算能源和水资源的进出口，确定每个地区消费者之间热能分配的最佳结构。对供热系统结构的额外分析可以确定具有最低运营成本、水消耗和排放的结构。将所提出的方法应用于优化托木斯克市的供热系统。作为研究的结果，确定了具有不同目标函数的供热系统的三种配置。基于运行成本最小化得到的供热系统结构，每年降低运行成本6900万卢布；用水量最小化减少用水量 2.73 万立方米³ /年；与基本情况相比，排放最小化减少了 6,000 tCO ₂ /y 和 517 tSO _{2 /y 的排放量。}通过寻找供热系统的运行成本和环境足迹之间的权衡，所提出的方法可用于供热系统的设计。它可以根据该地区的经济和环境能力优化供热系统。