The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for more than four decades as consolidation therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Allogeneic HSCT is almost universally used today, and autologous HSCT nearly disappeared from daily practice. Improvement in transplantation strategies, supportive care, and increased donor source availability led to increased numbers of long-term survivors after HSCT. In the accompanying paper of this ground rounds, Armenian and coworkers analyzed the burden of late complications after HSCT for AML in a large cohort of patients and compared severe/life-threatening conditions with those of siblings. This study reinforces the need for prolonged clinical follow-up of transplanted patients otherwise nearly cured of their original disease for late malignant and nonmalignant complications.

Oncology Grand Rounds 系列旨在将发表在期刊上的原始报告置于临床背景中。案例介绍之后是对诊断和管理挑战的描述、对相关文献的回顾以及作者建议的管理方法的总结。本系列的目标是帮助读者更好地了解如何将关键研究的结果（包括发表在《临床肿瘤学杂志》上的研究结果）应用于他们自己临床实践中的患者。

造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 作为急性髓性白血病 (AML) 的巩固治疗已使用了 40 多年。同种异体 HSCT 在今天几乎普遍使用，自体 HSCT 几乎从日常实践中消失。移植策略的改进、支持性护理和供体来源的增加导致 HSCT 后长期幸存者的数量增加。在本次实地调查的随附论文中，亚美尼亚及其同事分析了一大群患者 AML 的 HSCT 后晚期并发症的负担，并将严重/危及生命的情况与兄弟姐妹的情况进行了比较。这项研究强调了对移植患者进行长期临床随访的必要性，否则他们因晚期恶性和非恶性并发症而几乎治愈了他们的原始疾病。