As a key branch of the cross-discipline biophotonics, phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), is promising in biomedicine and visible light-driving PDT has been applied to clinical treatment. However, extensive applications of phototherapy are limited by the hypoxic microenvironment, laser penetration depth, and potential complexity for combined PDT/PTT. Thus, NIR-responsive oxygen self-supply nanocomposites functionalized with photosensitizers for achieving simultaneous in-depth PDT/PTT are urgently required. Herein, a multifunctional platform has been fabricated by co-immobilizing monodispersed ultrasmall Pd nanoclusters and a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Aminophenyl)-21H,23H Porphyrin (Thp) on the surface of Ti3C2T x MXene nanosheets, generating the Pd-Thp-Ti3C2T x nanocomposite. Material characterization demonstrated that Pd nanoclusters and Thp were well-distributed on the MXene surface while MXene maintained its photothermal conversion efficiency and broad absorption. In this nanoplatform, irradiated by the single 808 nm laser, Pd selectively catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to O2, and O2 was continuously supplied to Thp for enhanced NIR-driving PDT. The in vivo fluorescence and photothermal imaging demonstrated the pronounced accumulation of nanocomposites in the tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo results clearly demonstrated the nanocomposite had good biocompatibility, and that the synergistic PTT and enhanced PDT made apoptosis of the tumor cell achievable. This work not only proves this Pd-Thp-Ti3C2T x nanocomposite serves a promising solution for tumor hypoxia by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells with synergistic PTT and PDT, but also broadens the application of promising optical materials in biomedical field.

中文翻译：

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一石三鸟：氧自供工程钯纳米团簇/碳化钛杂化单近红外激光触发协同光动力-光热治疗

作为跨学科生物光子学的一个重要分支，光疗法，包括光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT），在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景，可见光驱动的PDT已应用于临床治疗。然而，光疗的广泛应用受到低氧微环境、激光穿透深度和联合 PDT/PTT 潜在复杂性的限制。因此，迫切需要用光敏剂功能化的近红外响应氧自供纳米复合材料，以实现同时深入的 PDT/PTT。在此，通过将单分散的超小 Pd 纳米团簇和光敏剂 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Aminophenyl)-21H,23H Porphyrin (Thp) 共固定在 Ti 表面上，制备了一个多功能平台。3C2吨 X MXene 纳米片，生成 Pd-Thp-Ti3C2吨 X 纳米复合材料。材料表征表明，Pd 纳米团簇和 Thp 在 MXene 表面上分布良好，而 MXene 保持其光热转换效率和广泛吸收。在该纳米平台中，在单次 808 nm 激光照射下，Pd 选择性催化 H 的分解2○2也2, 和 O2连续提供给 Thp 以增强 NIR 驱动 PDT。这体内荧光和光热成像证明了纳米复合材料在肿瘤部位的显着积累。两个都体外和体内结果清楚地表明纳米复合材料具有良好的生物相容性，并且协同的PTT和增强的PDT使肿瘤细胞可以实现凋亡。这项工作不仅证明了这种 Pd-Thp-Ti3C2吨 X 纳米复合材料通过协同PTT和PDT诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，为肿瘤缺氧提供了一种有前景的解决方案，同时也拓宽了有前景的光学材料在生物医学领域的应用。