The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose substantial challenges to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Exploring systematic SDG strategies is urgently needed to aid recovery from the pandemic and reinvigorate global SDG actions. Based on available data and comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper highlights ongoing challenges facing the SDGs, identifies the effects of COVID-19 on SDG progress, and proposes a systematic framework for promoting the achievement of SDGs in the post-pandemic era. Progress towards attaining the SDGs was already lagging behind even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequitable distribution of food–energy–water resources and environmental crises clearly threaten SDG implementation. Evidently, there are gaps between the vision for SDG realization and actual capacity that constrain national efforts. The turbulent geopolitical environment, spatial inequities, and trade-offs limit the effectiveness of SDG implementation. The global public health crisis and socio-economic downturn under COVID-19 have further impeded progress toward attaining the SDGs. Not only has the pandemic delayed SDG advancement in general, but it has also amplified spatial imbalances in achieving progress, undermined connectivity, and accentuated anti-globalization sentiment under lockdowns and geopolitical conflicts. Nevertheless, positive developments in technology and improvement in environmental conditions have also occurred. In reflecting on the overall situation globally, it is recommended that post-pandemic SDG actions adopt a “Classification–Coordination–Collaboration” framework. Classification facilitates both identification of the current development status and the urgency of SDG achievement aligned with national conditions. Coordination promotes domestic/international and inter-departmental synergy for short-term recovery as well as long-term development. Cooperation is key to strengthening economic exchanges, promoting technological innovation, and building a global culture of sustainable development that is essential if the endeavor of achieving the SDGs is to be successful. Systematic actions are urgently needed to get the SDG process back on track.

COVID-19 大流行继续对实现可持续发展目标 (SDG) 构成重大挑战。迫切需要探索系统性的可持续发展目标战略，以帮助从大流行中恢复并重振全球可持续发展目标行动。本文基于现有数据和对文献的综合分析，强调了可持续发展目标面临的持续挑战，明确了COVID-19对可持续发展目标进展的影响，并提出了后疫情时代促进可持续发展目标实现的系统框架。甚至在 COVID-19 大流行爆发之前，实现可持续发展目标的进展就已经滞后。粮食、能源、水资源分配不均和环境危机显然威胁着可持续发展目标的实施。显然，实现可持续发展目标的愿景与实际能力之间存在差距，制约了各国的努力。动荡的地缘政治环境、空间不平等和权衡限制了SDG实施的有效性。 COVID-19 引发的全球公共卫生危机和社会经济衰退进一步阻碍了可持续发展目标的实现。疫情不仅总体上推迟了可持续发展目标的推进，而且还加剧了取得进展的空间不平衡，破坏了互联互通，并加剧了封锁和地缘政治冲突下的反全球化情绪。尽管如此，技术方面也取得了积极的发展，环境条件也得到了改善。综合考虑全球形势，建议疫情后SDG行动采取“分类-协调-协作”的框架。分类有利于明确当前发展状况，也有利于符合国情实现可持续发展目标的紧迫性。 协调促进国内/国际和部门间的协同作用，以实现短期复苏和长期发展。合作是加强经济交流、促进技术创新、构建全球可持续发展文化的关键，这对于实现可持续发展目标的努力至关重要。迫切需要采取系统行动，使可持续发展目标进程重回正轨。