Do adults think about genetic inheritance as a deterministic or probabilistic process? Do adults display systematic biases when reasoning about genetic inheritance? Knowing how adults think about genetic inheritance is valuable, both for understanding the developmental end point of these concepts and for identifying biases that persist even after formal education. In two studies, we examined adults' reasoning about genetic inheritance for familiar animals (Study 1) and unfamiliar animals (Study 2). First, participants were presented with animals that varied in eye color and were asked to judge whether each could be the offspring of a particular set of animal parents that had either the same or different eye colors. The potential offspring had eye colors that were either identical to the parents, blended the parents' eye colors, or differed from the parents. Next, participants predicted how six offspring of the animal parents would look. Participants judged a variety of choices as possible-not only the ones resembling the parents-suggesting that they thought genetic inheritance was a probabilistic process. Additionally, many participants thought that female offspring would look more like their mothers and male offspring would look more like their fathers. Thus, systemic biases in reasoning about inheritance persist into adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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有其母必有其女：成人对基因遗传的判断。

成年人认为遗传是确定性的还是概率性的过程？成年人在对遗传进行推理时会表现出系统性偏见吗？了解成年人如何看待基因遗传是很有价值的，这既有助于理解这些概念的发展终点，也有助于识别即使在接受正规教育后仍然存在的偏见。在两项研究中，我们检查了成年人对熟悉的动物（研究 1）和不熟悉的动物（研究 2）的基因遗传的推理。首先，参与者会看到眼睛颜色各异的动物，并被要求判断每只动物是否可能是具有相同或不同眼睛颜色的一组特定动物父母的后代。潜在后代的眼睛颜色要么与父母相同，要么混合了父母的眼睛颜色，或与父母不同。接下来，参与者预测动物父母的六个后代会是什么样子。参与者判断各种可能的选择——不仅仅是那些与父母相似的选择——这表明他们认为基因遗传是一个概率过程。此外，许多参与者认为女性后代看起来更像他们的母亲，而男性后代看起来更像他们的父亲。因此，关于遗传推理的系统性偏见一直持续到成年期。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。许多参与者认为女性后代看起来更像他们的母亲，而男性后代看起来更像他们的父亲。因此，关于遗传推理的系统性偏见一直持续到成年期。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。许多参与者认为女性后代看起来更像他们的母亲，而男性后代看起来更像他们的父亲。因此，关于遗传推理的系统性偏见一直持续到成年期。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。