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Carbon Footprint of Alternative Grocery Shopping and Transportation Options from Retail Distribution Centers to Customer
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02050
Nicholas J Kemp 1 , Luyao Li 1 , Gregory A Keoleian 1 , Hyung Chul Kim 2 , Timothy J Wallington 2 , Robert De Kleine 2
Affiliation  

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-commerce and automated warehouses, vehicles, and robots and has created new options for grocery supply chains. We report and compare the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a 36-item grocery basket transported along 72 unique paths from a centralized warehouse to the customer, including impacts of micro-fulfillment centers, refrigeration, vehicle automation, and last-mile transportation. Our base case is in-store shopping with last-mile transportation using an internal combustion engine (ICE) SUV (6.0 kg CO2e). The results indicate that emissions reductions could be achieved by e-commerce with micro-fulfillment centers (16−54%), customer vehicle electrification (18–42%), or grocery delivery (22–65%) compared to the base case. In-store shopping with an ICE pick-up truck has the highest emissions of all paths investigated (6.9 kg CO2e) while delivery using a sidewalk automated robot has the least (1.0 kg CO2e). Shopping frequency is an important factor for households to consider, e.g. halving shopping frequency can reduce GHG emissions by 44%. Trip chaining also offers an opportunity to reduce emissions with approximately 50% savings compared to the base case. Opportunities for grocers and households to reduce grocery supply chain carbon footprints are identified and discussed.

中文翻译:

从零售配送中心到客户的替代杂货购物和运输选择的碳足迹

COVID-19 大流行加速了电子商务和自动化仓库、车辆和机器人的发展,并为杂货供应链创造了新的选择。我们报告并比较了从中央仓库到客户的 72 条独特路径运输的 36 件杂货篮的温室气体 (GHG) 排放,包括微型配送中心、制冷、车辆自动化和最后一英里运输的影响。我们的基本案例是使用内燃机 (ICE) SUV(6.0 kg CO 2 )进行最后一英里运输的店内购物e)。结果表明,与基本情况相比,具有微型配送中心 (16-54%)、客户车辆电气化 (18-42%) 或杂货配送 (22-65%) 的电子商务可以实现减排。在所调查的所有路径中,使用 ICE 皮卡车进行店内购物的排放量最高(6.9 kg CO 2 e),而使用人行道自动机器人送货的排放量最低(1.0 kg CO 2 e)。购物频率是家庭考虑的重要因素,例如购物频率减半可以减少 44% 的温室气体排放。与基本情况相比,行程链还提供了减少排放约 50% 的机会。确定并讨论了杂货商和家庭减少杂货供应链碳足迹的机会。
更新日期:2022-08-05
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