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Intumescent flame retardancy and smoke suppression of Eucommia ulmoides gum/natural rubber blends based on synergistic g-C3N4@Fe3O4 nanocomposites
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03377a Zheng Li 1 , Xinyu Cheng 1 , Yanji Liu 1 , Hao Liu 1 , Yan Jiang 1 , Na Wang 1, 2
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03377a Zheng Li 1 , Xinyu Cheng 1 , Yanji Liu 1 , Hao Liu 1 , Yan Jiang 1 , Na Wang 1, 2
Affiliation
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A flame retardant synergist (g-C3N4@Fe3O4) was designed through an in situ co-precipitation method by using graphitized carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Fe3O4, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A series of different contents of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were simultaneously added into eucommia ulmoides gum/natural rubber (EUG/NR) blends to improve the flame retardancy and reduce the smoke release. The flame retardancy, smoke suppression performance, thermal degradation behaviors and thermal stability of EUG/NR blends were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetry test (CCT) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that using g-C3N4@Fe3O4 as a flame retardant synergist, the LOI value of the 9 phr g-C3N4@Fe3O4 synergist (EUG/NR 5) blend was 29.5%, which was much higher than the 20.0% of the original composite. Moreover, the 6 phr g-C3N4@Fe3O4 synergist (EUG/NR 4) and EUG/NR 5 passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, while the pristine EUG/NR blends showed no rating. Moreover, the total heat release rate (THR), peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the EUG/NR blends in the CCT test were much lower than those of the pristine EUG/NR blends. In particular, PHRR, THR and TSP of EUG/NR 5 decreased by 37.1%, 16.2% and 18.0%, respectively. This indicated that the introduction of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 decreased the release of combustible gases. TGA results also showed that the addition of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 accelerated the thermal degradation of the EUG/NR blends and changed the thermal degradation mechanism of the EUG/NR blends, indicating the synergistic effect of g-C3N4@Fe3O4. Finally, a possible degradation mechanism of EUG/NR blend composites was proposed.
中文翻译：
基于协同g-C3N4@Fe3O4纳米复合材料的杜仲胶/天然橡胶共混物的膨胀阻燃抑烟性能
以石墨化氮化碳(gC 3 N 4 )和Fe 3 O 4为原料，通过原位共沉淀法设计了阻燃增效剂(gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4 )，并通过傅里叶变换表征了其结构。红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）。将一系列不同含量的gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4和膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)同时添加到杜仲胶/天然橡胶(EUG/NR)共混物中，以提高阻燃性能并减少烟雾释放。通过极限氧指数（LOI）、UL-94、锥形量热测试（CCT）和热重分析（TGA）评估EUG/NR共混物的阻燃性、抑烟性能、热降解行为和热稳定性。结果表明，以gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4作为阻燃增效剂，9份gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4增效剂（EUG/NR 5）共混物的LOI值为29.5%，远高于原始复合材料的20.0%。 此外，6 phr gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4增效剂(EUG/NR 4) 和EUG/NR 5 通过了UL-94 V-0 评级，而原始EUG/NR 共混物未显示任何评级。此外，CCT 测试中 EUG/NR 共混物的总放热率 (THR)、放热率峰值 (PHRR) 和总发烟量 (TSP) 远低于原始 EUG/NR 共混物。特别是EUG/NR 5 的PHRR、THR和TSP分别下降了37.1%、16.2%和18.0%。这表明gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4的引入减少了可燃气体的释放。 TGA结果还表明，gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4的添加加速了EUG/NR共混物的热降解，改变了EUG/NR共混物的热降解机理，表明gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4 的协同作用。四氧化三铁。最后，提出了 EUG/NR 共混复合材料可能的降解机制。
更新日期：2022-08-05
中文翻译：
基于协同g-C3N4@Fe3O4纳米复合材料的杜仲胶/天然橡胶共混物的膨胀阻燃抑烟性能
以石墨化氮化碳(gC 3 N 4 )和Fe 3 O 4为原料，通过原位共沉淀法设计了阻燃增效剂(gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4 )，并通过傅里叶变换表征了其结构。红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）。将一系列不同含量的gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4和膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)同时添加到杜仲胶/天然橡胶(EUG/NR)共混物中，以提高阻燃性能并减少烟雾释放。通过极限氧指数（LOI）、UL-94、锥形量热测试（CCT）和热重分析（TGA）评估EUG/NR共混物的阻燃性、抑烟性能、热降解行为和热稳定性。结果表明，以gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4作为阻燃增效剂，9份gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4增效剂（EUG/NR 5）共混物的LOI值为29.5%，远高于原始复合材料的20.0%。 此外，6 phr gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4增效剂(EUG/NR 4) 和EUG/NR 5 通过了UL-94 V-0 评级，而原始EUG/NR 共混物未显示任何评级。此外，CCT 测试中 EUG/NR 共混物的总放热率 (THR)、放热率峰值 (PHRR) 和总发烟量 (TSP) 远低于原始 EUG/NR 共混物。特别是EUG/NR 5 的PHRR、THR和TSP分别下降了37.1%、16.2%和18.0%。这表明gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4的引入减少了可燃气体的释放。 TGA结果还表明，gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4的添加加速了EUG/NR共混物的热降解，改变了EUG/NR共混物的热降解机理，表明gC 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4 的协同作用。四氧化三铁。最后，提出了 EUG/NR 共混复合材料可能的降解机制。
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