Cascading keeps wood in products for a longer duration and delays the embedded biogenic carbon emission. Carbon is kept out of the atmosphere for longer, giving forests time to sequester equivalent amounts of carbon. The storage period and time needed to sequester the same amount of carbon affect the GWP - an aspect often overlooked in LCA. This study compares alternative wood cascading scenarios producing biochemicals and fuel – to examine the influence of the rate of biogenic carbon flows on the net GWP of cascading systems.

GWP decreases with increasing cascade steps. Benefits are higher when considering the temporal information – highlighting that current carbon accounting may underestimate the climate benefit of cascading. The GWP of bio-refinery products depends on their feedstock. GWP is lower when using waste wood, which has served a long time, instead of virgin wood. Benefits enlarge by extending the application lifetimes of these products.

级联使木材在产品中的保存时间更长，并延迟了嵌入的生物碳排放。碳在大气中停留的时间更长，使森林有时间吸收等量的碳。封存等量碳所需的储存期和时间会影响 GWP——这是 LCA 中经常被忽视的一个方面。本研究比较了生产生化物质和燃料的替代木材级联情景——以检查生物碳流量速率对级联系统净 GWP 的影响。

GWP 随着级联步骤的增加而降低。考虑时间信息时，效益更高——强调当前的碳核算可能低估了级联的气候效益。生物精炼产品的 GWP 取决于其原料。使用使用时间长的废木材代替原生木材时，GWP 较低。通过延长这些产品的应用寿命来扩大优势。