Rail fasteners are the key components of railway tracks, and regular inspection of them is conducive to the safe operation of railway lines. In order to establish a real-time and efficient rail fasteners tightness safety detection system, a self-powered vibration sensor based on electrospinning nanofibers with high output performance TENG is proposed for daily safety inspection of rail fasteners. The power generation performance of the vibration sensor is characterized with the open-circuit voltage of 185 V, the short-circuit current of 5.68 μA cm⁻², and the power density of 4.28 W m⁻² under matching load. In addition, it also has excellent working stability, good environmental adaptability and fast response time (40 ms). Therefore, the vibration sensor can not only effectively collect rail vibration energy to achieve energy self-supply, but also accurately identify the tightness of rail fasteners according to the vibration characteristics, so as to ensure the safe operation of railway lines. The manufacturing process of the vibration sensor is convenient, economical and practical, and it is hoped to provide a meaningful detection method for maintaining the safety of railway lines.

钢轨扣件是铁路轨道的关键部件，对其进行定期检查有利于铁路线路的安全运行。为了建立实时、高效的铁路扣件松紧安全检测系统，提出了一种基于静电纺丝纳米纤维的高输出性能TENG自供电振动传感器，用于铁路扣件日常安全检测。振动传感器的发电性能特征为开路电压为185 V，短路电流为5.68 μA cm ^-2，功率密度为4.28 W m ^-2在匹配的负载下。此外，它还具有出色的工作稳定性、良好的环境适应性和快速的响应时间（40 ms）。因此，振动传感器不仅可以有效采集钢轨振动能量实现能量自给，还可以根据振动特性准确识别钢轨扣件的松紧度，从而保障铁路线路的安全运行。该振动传感器的制造工艺方便、经济、实用，希望为维护铁路线路安全提供一种有意义的检测方法。