Two-dimensional (2D) Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), despite their advantage in versatility of n-layer variation, are subject to poor photovoltaic efficiency, particularly in the fill factor (FF), compared to their three-dimensional counterparts. To enhance the performance of DJ PSCs, the process of growing crystals and hence the corresponding morphology of DJ perovskites are of prime importance. Herein, we report the fast nonisothermal (NIT) crystallization protocol that is previously unrecognized for 2D perovskites to significantly improve the morphology, orientation, and charge transport of the DJ perovskite films. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal that the NIT effect leads to the secondary crystallization stage, forming network-like channels that play a vital role in the FF’s leap-forward improvement and hence the DJ PSC’s performance. As a whole, the NIT crystallized PSCs demonstrate a high power conversion efficiency and an FF of up to 19.87 and 86.16%, respectively. This research thus provides new perspectives to achieve highly efficient DJ PSCs.

中文翻译：

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认识到快速非等温结晶对于具有高填充因子的高性能二维 Dion-Jacobson 钙钛矿太阳能电池的重要性：一项综合机理研究

二维 (2D) Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 尽管在 n 层变化的多功能性方面具有优势，但与它们的三个相比，光伏效率较差，特别是在填充因子 (FF) 方面维对应。为了提高 DJ PSC 的性能，晶体的生长过程以及 DJ 钙钛矿的相应形态至关重要。在这里，我们报告了以前无法识别二维钙钛矿的快速非等温 (NIT) 结晶方案，以显着改善 DJ 钙钛矿薄膜的形态、取向和电荷传输。综合机理研究表明，NIT 效应导致二次结晶阶段，形成类似网络的渠道，这些渠道在 FF 的跨越式改进以及 DJ PSC 的表现中发挥着至关重要的作用。总体而言，NIT 结晶 PSC 表现出高功率转换效率和 FF 分别高达 19.87% 和 86.16%。因此，这项研究为实现高效 DJ PSC 提供了新的视角。