Requirements and recent advances in research on organic neuroelectronics are outlined herein. Neuroelectronics such as neural interfaces and neuroprosthetics provide a promising approach to diagnose and treat neurological diseases. However, the current neural interfaces are rigid and not biocompatible, so they induce an immune response and deterioration of neural signal transmission. Organic materials are promising candidates for neural interfaces, due to their mechanical softness, excellent electrochemical properties, and biocompatibility. Also, organic nervetronics, which mimics functional properties of the biological nerve system, is being developed to overcome the limitations of the complex and energy-consuming conventional neuroprosthetics that limit long-term implantation and daily-life usage. Examples of organic materials for neural interfaces and neural signal recordings are reviewed, recent advances of organic nervetronics that use organic artificial synapses are highlighted, and then further requirements for neuroprosthetics are discussed. Finally, the future challenges that must be overcome to achieve ideal organic neuroelectronics for next-generation neuroprosthetics are discussed.

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有机神经电子学：从神经接口到神经假体

本文概述了有机神经电子学研究的要求和最新进展。神经接口和神经假体等神经电子学为诊断和治疗神经系统疾病提供了一种很有前途的方法。然而，目前的神经接口是刚性的且不具有生物相容性，因此它们会引起免疫反应和神经信号传输的恶化。由于其机械柔软性、优异的电化学性能和生物相容性，有机材料是神经接口的有前途的候选者。此外，正在开发模仿生物神经系统功能特性的有机神经电子学，以克服限制长期植入和日常生活使用的复杂且耗能的传统神经假体的局限性。回顾了用于神经接口和神经信号记录的有机材料示例，重点介绍了使用有机人工突触的有机神经电子学的最新进展，然后讨论了对神经假体的进一步要求。最后，讨论了为下一代神经假体实现理想的有机神经电子学必须克服的未来挑战。