As a breakthrough strategy for cancer treatment, immunotherapy mainly consists of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immunomodulatory drugs that provide a durable protective antitumor response by stimulating the immune system to fight cancer. However, due to the low response rate and unique toxicity profiles of immunotherapy, the strategies of combining immunotherapy with other therapies have attracted enormous attention. These combinations are designed to exert potent antitumor effects by regulating different processes in the cancer-immunity cycle. To date, immune-based combination therapy has achieved encouraging results in numerous clinical trials and has received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for certain cancers with more studies underway. This review summarizes the emerging strategies of immune-based combination therapy, including combinations with another immunotherapeutic strategy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, targeted therapy, bacterial therapy, and stroma-targeted therapy. Here, we highlight the rationale of immune-based combination therapy, the biomarkers and the clinical progress for these immune-based combination therapies.

作为癌症治疗的突破性策略，免疫疗法主要由免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）和其他免疫调节药物组成，通过刺激免疫系统对抗癌症，提供持久的保护性抗肿瘤反应。然而，由于免疫疗法的低反应率和独特的毒性特征，免疫疗法与其他疗法相结合的策略引起了极大的关注。这些组合旨在通过调节癌症免疫循环中的不同过程来发挥有效的抗肿瘤作用。迄今为止，基于免疫的联合疗法已在众多临床试验中取得了令人鼓舞的结果，并已获得美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准用于某些癌症，更多研究正在进行中。本综述总结了基于免疫的联合治疗的新兴策略，包括与另一种免疫治疗策略、放疗、化疗、抗血管生成治疗、靶向治疗、细菌治疗和基质靶向治疗的组合。在这里，我们重点介绍基于免疫的联合疗法的基本原理、生物标志物以及这些基于免疫的联合疗法的临床进展。