Structural engineering and component modulation are effective strategies for designing superior electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. The challenge of understanding the structure-component-property relationship and developing efficient microwave absorbers, however, remains a huge challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a microemulsion phase transition approach to the design of different structures of dielectric microwave absorbing materials. Three different structures of MoO₂/C (MC) microspheres, solid, yolk-shell, and hollow can be prepared by regulating the ratio of the two phases of water and oil. The MoO₂/MoS₂/C (MSC) trilayer dielectric microspheres with Schottky barriers were prepared by a subsequent vulcanization process in which component modulation allowed the construction of multi-interfaces and vacancy engineering. The analysis reveals that the sensitivity of the different structures to component modulation varies considerably, mainly in the number of vacancies generated by the sulfidation process. This difference is determined by both the free space of the microspheres and the number of effective media. Such a phenomenon provides insight into the interplay between structure and components in attenuating EMW. Of these, with the 50% sulfated MoO₂/MoS₂/C yolk-shell microspheres (YSMSC) exhibiting a reflection loss (RL) of −80.73 dB at a thin thickness of 1.7 mm; the fully sulfated MoS₂/C hollow microspheres (HMSC) achieve an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.04 GHz at 2.2 mm. Our study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the structure-component-property relationship of EMW absorbers and provides a reference for tuning the product structure using microemulsion phase conversion methods.

结构工程和组件调制是设计优质电磁波 (EMW) 吸收材料的有效策略。然而，理解结构-成分-性能关系和开发高效微波吸收剂的挑战仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种微乳液相变方法来设计不同结构的介电微波吸收材料。通过调节水油两相的比例，可以制备出三种不同结构的MoO _{2 /C（MC）微球：实心、蛋黄壳和空心。}MoO ₂ /MoS ₂/C（MSC）具有肖特基势垒的三层介电微球通过随后的硫化工艺制备，其中组分调制允许构建多界面和空位工程。分析表明，不同结构对组分调制的敏感性差异很大，主要体现在硫化过程产生的空位数量上。这种差异由微球的自由空间和有效介质的数量决定。这种现象提供了对衰减 EMW 中结构和组件之间相互作用的深入了解。其中，50% 硫酸化 MoO ₂ /MoS ₂ /C 蛋黄壳微球 (YSMSC) 在 1.7 mm 的薄厚度下表现出 -80.73 dB 的反射损耗 (RL)；完全硫酸化的 MoS₂ /C 空心微球 (HMSC) 在 2.2 mm 处实现了 7.04 GHz 的有效吸收带宽 (EAB)。我们的研究有助于深入了解EMW吸收剂的结构-成分-性能关系，并为使用微乳液相转换方法调整产品结构提供参考。