An efficient strategy for the establishment of ratiometric antifouling electrochemical biosensors was proposed based on the designed functional peptides and synthesized graphene oxide-nile blue A (GO-NB) nanocomposites. The peptide was designed to be of antifouling and recognizing functions, and the two branches of the peptide were labelled with the electrochemical probe ferrocene (Fc). The electrode was modified with synthesized GO-NB nanocomposites, and then followed by the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles and the immobilization of Fc labelled peptides. NB was used as an internal probe to generate reference electrochemical signal, while the electrochemical sensing signal was generated by the Fc, and thus the ratiometric electrochemical sensing system was constructed. In this sensing system, the variances associated with electrochemical signal drift and the electrode-to-electrode difference, etc., can be calibrated with the reference signal of NB to generate stable ratiometric signal (Fc/NB). The electrochemical biosensor displayed a linear range from 5.0 pg mL⁻¹ to 100 ng mL⁻¹, with the limit of detection of 1.26 pg mL⁻¹. The integration of the ratiometric signal with the antifouling strategy can be readily expanded to the development of highly stable and accurate electrochemical sensing systems to be performed in complex biological systems.

基于设计的功能肽和合成的氧化石墨烯-尼罗蓝A（GO-NB）纳米复合材料，提出了一种建立比例防污电化学生物传感器的有效策略。该肽被设计为具有防污和识别功能，肽的两个分支被电化学探针二茂铁（Fc）标记。用合成的 GO-NB 纳米复合材料修饰电极，然后电沉积金纳米颗粒并固定化 Fc 标记肽。NB作为内部探针产生参考电化学信号，而电化学传感信号由Fc产生，从而构建了比率电化学传感系统。在这个传感系统中，与电化学信号漂移和电极间差异等相关的方差可以用NB的参考信号进行校准，以产生稳定的比率信号（Fc/NB）。电化学生物传感器的线性范围为 5.0 pg mL^-1至 100 ng mL ^-1，检测限为 1.26 pg mL ^-1。比率信号与防污策略的集成可以很容易地扩展到开发高度稳定和准确的电化学传感系统，以便在复杂的生物系统中进行。