Women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) throughout life. In addition to their high prevalence in women, STIs have debilitating effects on female reproductive health due to female urogenital anatomy, socio-cultural and economic factors. In this Review, we discuss the prevalence and impact of non-HIV bacterial, viral and parasitic STIs on the reproductive and sexual health of cisgender women worldwide. We analyse factors affecting STI prevalence among transgender women and women in low-income settings, and describe the specific challenges and barriers to improved sexual health faced by these population groups. We also synthesize the latest advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of STIs.

女性在一生中受到性传播感染 (STI) 的影响尤为严重。除了在女性中患病率高之外，由于女性泌尿生殖系统解剖结构、社会文化和经济因素，性传播感染对女性生殖健康也有不利影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了非 HIV 细菌、病毒和寄生虫性传播感染的流行及其对全球顺性别女性生殖健康和性健康的影响。我们分析了影响跨性别女性和低收入女性性传播感染流行的因素，并描述了这些人群在改善性健康方面面临的具体挑战和障碍。我们还综合了 STI 诊断、治疗和预防方面的最新进展。