Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water balance system in the “Asian water tower” region, the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, accurately monitoring and understanding the spatial and temporal variability of the ET components (soil evaporation E_s, canopy transpiration E_c, and intercepted water evaporation E_w) on the TP remains gravely challenging due to the paucity of observational data for this remote area. In this study, the 37 years (1982–2018) of monthly ET component data for the TP were produced using the MOD16-STM model, which uses the recently available soil properties, meteorological conditions, and remote sensing datasets. The estimated ET results correlate very well with the measurements from nine flux towers, with a low root mean square error of 13.48 mm/month, mean bias of 2.85 mm/month, coefficient of determination of 0.83, and index of agreement of 0.92. The annual average ET for the entire TP (specified as elevations higher than 2500 m) is about 0.93 ± 0.037 Gt/year. The main contribution of the ET on the TP comes from the soil, with the E_s accounting for more than 84 % of the ET. During the study period, the ET exhibited a significant increasing trend, with rates of about 1–4 mm/year (p < 0.05), over most parts of the central and eastern TP and a significant decreasing trend, with rates of −3 to −1 mm/year, over the northwestern TP. The rate of increase in the ET on the TP over the past 37 years was around 0.96 mm/year. The increase in the ET over the entire TP from 1982 to 2018 can be explained by the warming and wetting trend of the climate on the TP during this period. The MOD16-STM ET data exhibited an acceptable performance over the TP compared with previous results. The MOD16-STM ET can adequately represent the actual ET and can be used for research on water resource management, drought monitoring, and ecological change. The whole datasets are freely available at the Science Data Bank (http://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00020, Y. Ma, X.Chen, L. Yuan, 2021) and the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC) (http://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.271913, L. Yuan, X.Chen, Y. Ma, 2021).

中文翻译：

---

青藏高原月度 0.01° 陆地蒸散量产品（1982-2018）

摘要。蒸散量（ET）是青藏高原（TP）“亚洲水塔”地区水平衡系统的重要组成部分。_{然而，准确监测和了解 ET 成分（土壤蒸发 E s}、冠层蒸腾 E _c和截留水蒸发 E _w）的时空变化) 由于缺乏对这一偏远地区的观测数据，在 TP 上的观测数据仍然非常具有挑战性。在本研究中，青藏高原 37 年（1982-2018 年）月度 ET 成分数据是使用 MOD16-STM 模型生成的，该模型使用最近可用的土壤特性、气象条件和遥感数据集。估计的 ET 结果与 9 个通量塔的测量结果非常相关，均方根误差低，为 13.48 毫米/月，平均偏差为 2.85 毫米/月，确定系数为 0.83，一致性指数为 0.92。整个青藏高原（海拔2500米以上）的年平均蒸散量约为0.93±0.037 Gt/年。ET 对 TP 的主要贡献来自土壤，其中 E _s占 ET 的 84% 以上。在研究期间，ET 呈现出显着的增加趋势，增长率约为 1-4 mm/年（p< 0.05)，在高原中部和东部的大部分地区，并且在高原西北部呈显着下降趋势，下降趋势为-3至-1毫米/年。过去 37 年，高原上 ET 的增长率约为 0.96 毫米/年。1982-2018年整个青藏高原ET的增加可以用这一时期青藏高原气候的增湿趋势来解释。与之前的结果相比，MOD16-STM ET 数据在 TP 上表现出可接受的性能。MOD16-STM ET能够充分代表实际ET，可用于水资源管理、干旱监测和生态变化等方面的研究。整个数据集可在科学数据库 (http://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00020, Y. Ma, X.Chen, L. Yuan, 2021) 和国家青藏高原数据中心 (TPDC) 免费获得(http://doi.