Abstract. The Earth climate system is out of energy balance and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere and the atmosphere. According to the 6^th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance, and allows for quantifying how much heat has accumulated in the Earth system, and where the heat is stored. Here we show that 380 ± 62 ZJ of heat has accumulated in the Earth system from 1971 to 2020, at a rate of 0.48 ± 0.1 W m⁻², with 89 ± 17 % of this heat stored in the ocean, 6 ± 0.1 % on land, 4 ± 1 % in the cryosphere and 1 ± 0.2 % in the atmosphere. Over the most recent decade (2006–2020), the Earth heat inventory shows increased warming at rate of 0.48 ± 0.3 W m⁻²/decade, and the Earth climate system is out of energy balance by 0.76 ± 0.2 Wm⁻². The Earth heat inventory is the most fundamental global climate indicator that the scientific community and the public can use as the measure of how well the world is doing in the task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under control. We call for an implementation of the Earth heat inventory into the Paris agreement’s global stocktake based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this study, updated from von Schuckmann et al, 2020, is underpinned by worldwide multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical importance of concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and community-based recommendations as coordinated by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). We also call for urgently needed actions for enabling continuity, archiving, rescuing and calibrating efforts to assure improved and long-term monitoring capacity of the relevant GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECV) for the Earth heat inventory.

中文翻译：

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1960-2020 年地球系统中储存的热量：能量去哪儿了？

摘要。地球气候系统失去能量平衡，热量在过去几十年不断积累，使海洋、陆地、冰冻圈和大气变暖。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会第六^次评估报告，这种持续数十年的全球变暖是人类驱动的，导致地球系统发生前所未有的重大变化，对生态系统和人类系统产生不利影响。地球热量清单提供了对地球能量不平衡的衡量，并允许量化地球系统中积累了多少热量，以及热量储存在哪里。在这里，我们展示了从 1971 年到 2020 年，地球系统中积累了 380 ± 62 ZJ 的热量，速率为 0.48 ± 0.1 W m ^-2，其中 89 ± 17 % 的热量储存在海洋中，6 ± 0.1 % 储存在陆地上，4 ± 1 % 储存在冰冻圈中，1 ± 0.2 % 储存在大气中。在最近十年（2006-2020 年）中，地球热量清单显示以 0.48 ± 0.3 W m ^-2 /十年的速率增加变暖，地球气候系统的能量平衡失衡 0.76 ± 0.2 Wm ^-2. 地球热量清单是最基本的全球气候指标，科学界和公众可以使用它来衡量世界在控制人为气候变化方面做得如何。我们呼吁根据最佳可用科学将地球热量清单纳入《巴黎协定》的全球清单。本研究中的地球热量清单由 von Schuckmann 等人于 2020 年更新，以全球多学科合作为基础，并证明了全球气候观测系统协调的气候变化监测和基于社区的建议协调一致的国际努力至关重要（ GCOS）。我们还呼吁采取迫切需要的行动，以实现连续性、归档、