Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are common in individuals with schizophrenia, greatly affect their outcome, and have been associated with alterations in cerebral gray and white matter volume (GMV, WMV). In the last decade, aerobic endurance training has emerged as a promising intervention to alleviate these symptoms and improved aerobic fitness has been suggested as a key moderator variable. In the present study, we investigated, whether aerobic fitness is associated with fewer cognitive deficits and negative symptoms and with GMVs and WMVs in individuals with schizophrenia in a cross-sectional design. In the largest study to date on the implications of fitness in individuals with schizophrenia, 111 participants at two centers underwent assessments of negative symptoms, cognitive functioning, and aerobic fitness and 69 underwent additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations were computed to quantify relationships between the variables of interest. The main finding was a positive association of aerobic fitness with right hippocampal GMV and WMVs in parahippocampal and several cerebellar regions. We found limited evidence for an association of aerobic fitness with cognitive functioning and negative symptoms. In summary, our results strengthen the notion that aerobic fitness and hippocampal plasticity are interrelated which holds implications for the design of exercise interventions in individuals with schizophrenia.

阴性症状和认知缺陷在精神分裂症患者中很常见，极大地影响了他们的结果，并且与大脑灰质和白质体积（GMV、WMV）的改变有关。在过去的十年中，有氧耐力训练已成为缓解这些症状的一种有前途的干预措施，并且改善的有氧适能被认为是一个关键的调节变量。在本研究中，我们在横断面设计中调查了有氧健身是否与较少的认知缺陷和阴性症状以及精神分裂症患者的 GMV 和 WMV 相关。在迄今为止规模最大的关于健康对精神分裂症患者影响的研究中，两个中心的 111 名参与者接受了阴性症状、认知功能、和有氧健身，69 人接受了额外的结构磁共振成像。计算多级贝叶斯偏相关以量化感兴趣的变量之间的关系。主要发现是有氧健身与海马旁和几个小脑区域的右侧海马 GMV 和 WMV 呈正相关。我们发现有氧健身与认知功能和阴性症状相关的证据有限。总之，我们的结果强化了有氧健身和海马体可塑性相互关联的观念，这对精神分裂症患者的运动干预设计具有重要意义。主要发现是有氧健身与海马旁和几个小脑区域的右侧海马 GMV 和 WMV 呈正相关。我们发现有氧健身与认知功能和阴性症状相关的证据有限。总之，我们的结果强化了有氧健身和海马体可塑性相互关联的观念，这对精神分裂症患者的运动干预设计具有重要意义。主要发现是有氧健身与海马旁和几个小脑区域的右侧海马 GMV 和 WMV 呈正相关。我们发现有氧健身与认知功能和阴性症状相关的证据有限。总之，我们的结果强化了有氧健身和海马体可塑性相互关联的观念，这对精神分裂症患者的运动干预设计具有重要意义。