This article examines the connection between household poverty and natural disasters in Chile using a multidimensional analysis of poverty. Rather than using household income as a single poverty indicator, we implement a multidimensional poverty index, which measures poverty in four dimensions: work and social security, housing, health and education. This study helps reduce the limited knowledge of the impact of the 2010 earthquake and tsunami on household poverty in Chile, separating those events as different but related shocks. Using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey, we applied a difference-in-difference methodology to estimate the effect of the earthquake and tsunami on multidimensional poverty for two population groups in the short- and long-term. The treatment group was fisher-households located in the areas affected by both shocks with at least one member working in the artisanal sector. The control group included the rest of the Chilean population. Results show that after both disasters, fishers have a greater lack in the “work and social security” dimension of poverty than the overall population in both the short- and long-term. They are less likely, though, to be poor in the housing dimension compared to non-fishers. Moreover, after the shocks, both groups decreased their likelihood to be poor in health in the short and long-term when controlling for territorial and time effects, whereas only the overall population was more likely to decrease in educational poverty. Some policy guidelines include: promoting faster labor capital-recovery, designing a participatory post-disaster strategy and preparing a well-established emergency response in high-risk localities.

本文通过对贫困的多维分析来检验智利家庭贫困与自然灾害之间的联系。我们没有将家庭收入作为单一的贫困指标，而是实施了一个多维贫困指数，从四个维度衡量贫困：工作和社会保障、住房、健康和教育。这项研究有助于减少对 2010 年地震和海啸对智利家庭贫困影响的有限了解，将这些事件区分为不同但相关的冲击。使用来自全国社会经济调查的数据，我们应用了差分法来估计地震和海啸对两个人口群体的多维贫困的短期和长期影响。处理组是位于受两次冲击影响地区的渔民家庭，其中至少有一名成员在手工部门工作。对照组包括智利的其他人口。结果表明，在两次灾难之后，无论是短期还是长期，渔民在贫困的“工作和社会保障”维度上都比总体人口更缺乏。不过，与非渔民相比，他们在住房方面的贫困可能性较小。此外，在冲击之后，当控制地域和时间效应时，两组在短期和长期健康状况不佳的可能性都降低了，而只有总体人口更有可能减少教育贫困。一些政策指导方针包括：促进更快的劳动力资本回收，