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Becoming an Ideologue: Social Sorting and the Microfoundations of Polarization
Sociological Science ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 , DOI: 10.15195/v9.a13
Craig Rawlings

This article elaborates and tests the hypothesis that the sociopolitical segregation of interpersonal networks (i.e., social sorting) is at the root of recent polarization trends in the United States. After reviewing recent trends, the article outlines the micro-level pathways through which social sorting along sociopolitical lines leads individuals to become more ideological in their identities and attitude structures. It then tests these pathways using panel data from the General Social Survey, which includes detailed measures of individuals’ social ties, ideological identification, and attitudes across a wide array of issues. Results show two dominant pathways through which more socially sorted individuals become more ideological: a short pathway directly linking social sorting to more extreme ideological identities, and a longer pathway linking social sorting to more extreme ideological identities through an increasingly ideological alignment of individuals’ attitude structures. The shorter pathway predominates among conservatives and the longer pathway among liberals. These micro-level pathways are shown to generalize to different macro-level polarization trends in identities and attitude structures for conservatives and liberals. Findings therefore uphold core sociological principles while providing stronger social-structural foundations for a growing body of mainly psychological research on ideological asymmetries.

中文翻译:

成为理论家:社会分类和两极分化的微观基础

本文详细阐述并检验了人际关系网络的社会政治隔离(即社会分类)是美国近期两极分化趋势的根源的假设。在回顾了最近的趋势之后,本文概述了沿着社会政治路线进行的社会分类导致个人在身份和态度结构上变得更加意识形态化的微观途径。然后,它使用来自一般社会调查的面板数据测试这些途径,其中包括对个人社会关系、意识形态认同和对各种问题的态度的详细测量。结果表明,通过两条主要途径,更多社会分类的个体变得更具意识形态:一条将社会分类与更极端的意识形态身份直接联系起来的短途径,以及通过个人态度结构的日益意识形态一致性将社会分类与更极端的意识形态身份联系起来的更长途径。较短的路径在保守派中占主导地位,而较长的路径在自由派中占主导地位。这些微观层面的路径被证明可以概括为保守派和自由派在身份和态度结构方面的不同宏观层面的两极分化趋势。因此,研究结果维护了核心社会学原则,同时为越来越多的关于意识形态不对称的主要心理学研究提供了更强大的社会结构基础。这些微观层面的路径被证明可以概括为保守派和自由派在身份和态度结构方面的不同宏观层面的两极分化趋势。因此,研究结果维护了核心社会学原则,同时为越来越多的关于意识形态不对称的主要心理学研究提供了更强大的社会结构基础。这些微观层面的路径被证明可以概括为保守派和自由派在身份和态度结构方面的不同宏观层面的两极分化趋势。因此,研究结果维护了核心社会学原则,同时为越来越多的关于意识形态不对称的主要心理学研究提供了更强大的社会结构基础。
更新日期:2022-08-02
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