ABSTRACT

Probiotics have been used for decades to alleviate the negative side-effects of oral antibiotics, but our mechanistic understanding on how they work is so far incomplete. Here, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota in participants who underwent a 14-d Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with or without consumption of a multi-strain probiotic intervention (L. paracasei CNCM I-1518, L. paracasei CNCM I-3689, L. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690, and four yogurt strains) in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Using a strain-level analysis for detection and metagenomic determination of replication rate, ingested strains were detected and replicated transiently in fecal samples and in the gut during and following antibiotic administration. Consumption of the fermented milk product led to a significant, although modest, improvement in the recovery of microbiota composition. Stratification of participants into two groups based on the degree to which their microbiome recovered showed i) a higher fecal abundance of the probiotic L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus strains and ii) an elevated replication rate of one strain (L. paracasei CNCMI-1518) in the recovery group. Collectively, our findings show a small but measurable benefit of a fermented milk product on microbiome recovery after antibiotics, which was linked to the detection and replication of specific probiotic strains. Such functional insight can form the basis for the development of probiotic-based intervention aimed to protect gut microbiome from drug treatments.

摘要

几十年来，益生菌一直被用来减轻口服抗生素的负面副作用，但迄今为止，我们对它们如何发挥作用的机制理解还不完整。在这里，我们对接受 14 天幽门螺杆菌根除治疗的参与者的粪便微生物群进行了宏基因组分析，无论是否服用多菌株益生菌干预 ( L. paracasei CNCM I-1518, L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 ,鼠李糖乳杆菌CNCM I-3690 和四种酸奶菌株）在一项随机、双盲、对照临床试验中进行。使用菌株水平分析检测和宏基因组测定复制率，在抗生素给药期间和之后，在粪便样本和肠道中检测和复制摄入的菌株。发酵乳制品的消费导致微生物群组成恢复的显着改善，尽管是适度的改善。根据他们的微生物组恢复程度将参与者分为两组，结果显示：i）益生菌副干酪乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株的粪便丰度更高，ii）一种菌株（副干酪乳杆菌）的复制率升高CNCMI-1518）在恢复组中。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明发酵乳制品对抗生素后微生物组恢复的益处很小但可测量，这与特定益生菌菌株的检测和复制有关。这种功能洞察力可以构成开发基于益生菌的干预措施的基础，旨在保护肠道微生物组免受药物治疗。