Aqueous proton battery stably operates in mild electrolyte and low-temperature conditions,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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Aqueous proton battery stably operates in mild electrolyte and low-temperature conditions
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ta04272j
Tianjiang Sun ₁ , Qingshun Nian ₂ , Haihui Du ₁ , Shibing Zheng ₁ , Dong Han ₁ , Zhanliang Tao ₁

Affiliation

The electrode based on the conversion reaction of Mn²⁺/MnO₂ is regarded as a promising cathode for aqueous proton batteries (APBs) due to its high redox potential and cost-effectiveness, but it needs a strongly acidic medium to trigger this redox reaction. Herein, a mild perchlorate-based electrolyte without strong acid addition (3.5 M Mn(ClO₄)₂) is proposed to improve the deposition/dissolution efficiency of Mn²⁺/MnO₂. Comprehensive analyses confirm that the ClO₄⁻ anion not only ensures the fast and stable deposition of Mn²⁺ by regulating the solvation energy of Mn²⁺ but also accelerates the dissolution of MnO₂ by improving the degree of freedom of water molecules. Hence, the novel aqueous proton battery with a carbon felt (CF) cathode, polyaniline anode and 3.5 M Mn(ClO₄)₂ electrolyte exhibits a lifetime of 500 cycles with an 81.6% capacity retention rate and excellent rate capability of up to 100C (18 A g⁻¹). Surprisingly, this system operates well even at low-temperature conditions because of the anti-freezing electrolyte with a −122 °C freezing point. High discharge capacities of 112 mA h g⁻¹ and 52.9 mA h g⁻¹ are obtained at −50 °C and −70 °C, respectively.

中文翻译：

水系质子电池在温和电解质和低温条件下稳定运行

基于 Mn ²⁺ /MnO ₂转化反应的电极因其高氧化还原电位和成本效益而被认为是一种很有前途的水性质子电池（APB）正极，但它需要强酸性介质来触发这种氧化还原反应. 在此，提出了一种不添加强酸的温和高氯酸盐基电解质（3.5 M Mn(ClO ₄ ) ₂）以提高Mn ²⁺ /MnO ₂的沉积/溶解效率。综合分析证实，ClO ₄^-阴离子不仅通过调节Mn 2+ 的溶剂化能^保证了Mn^{2+的快速稳定沉积。}而且还通过提高水分子的自由度来加速MnO _{2的溶解。}因此，具有碳毡（CF）正极、聚苯胺负极和 3.5 M Mn(ClO ₄ ) ₂电解质的新型水性质子电池具有 500 次循环的寿命，81.6% 的容量保持率和高达 100C 的优异倍率性能（ 18 A g ^-1 )。令人惊讶的是，该系统即使在低温条件下也能很好地运行，因为防冻电解质的冰点为 -122 °C。在-50 °C 和-70 °C 下分别获得112 mA hg ^-1和52.9 mA hg ^{-1的高放电容量。}

更新日期：2022-08-02

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