In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the application of Nature-based systems (NbS) for mitigation of environmental pollution in cities. NbS namely bioretention systems, green roofs and constructed wetlands are widely adopted in urban environments for stormwater hydrology management and treatment, while roadside vegetation is utilized for mitigating air pollution of local traffic origin. Both bioretention systems and wetlands are capable of removing diverse pollutants such as total suspended solids, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and potentially toxic elements from runoff. Green roofs can act as a sink, or a source of pollutants to roof runoff outflow depending on the composition of engineered media used in support of vegetation growth. A holistic understanding of NbS in terms of their wide range of ecosystem services, multi-functionality nature, and contribution to circularity in cities is currently lacking. NbS can improve public health by providing clean air to breathe and natural waters of better quality for various purposes, but this application is not fully elucidated with an integrated approach involving both air and water quality assessments. For effective use of NbS, fundamental laboratory studies on the relative importance of phytoremediation versus bioremediation, laboratory studies to assess their actual performance under diverse weather conditions, and numerical simulations of hydrology and airflow should be conducted in tandem. Furthermore, it is important to develop guidelines for the design, installation, operation and maintenance of NbS for effective removal of environmental pollutants in the context of sustainable urban development.

近年来，基于自然的系统（NbS）在减轻城市环境污染方面的应用越来越受到关注。NbS 即生物滞留系统、绿色屋顶和人工湿地在城市环境中被广泛用于雨水水文管理和处理，而路边植被则被用于减轻当地交通造成的空气污染。生物滞留系统和湿地都能够从径流中去除各种污染物，例如总悬浮固体、营养物质（氮和磷）和潜在的有毒元素。根据用于支持植被生长的工程介质的组成，绿色屋顶可以充当水槽或屋顶径流流出的污染物源。从其广泛的生态系统服务方面全面了解 NbS，目前缺乏多功能性和对城市循环的贡献。NbS 可以通过为各种目的提供清洁的呼吸空气和质量更好的天然水来改善公众健康，但这种应用并没有通过涉及空气和水质评估的综合方法得到充分阐明。为了有效利用 NbS，应同时开展关于植物修复与生物修复相对重要性的基础实验室研究、评估其在不同天气条件下的实际性能的实验室研究，以及水文和气流的数值模拟。此外，重要的是制定 NbS 的设计、安装、操作和维护指南，以在可持续城市发展的背景下有效去除环境污染物。