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In-silico approach as a tool for selection of excipients for safer amphotericin B nanoformulations
Journal of Controlled Release ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.030
Pooja A Todke 1 , Padma V Devarajan 1
Affiliation  

Safer and efficacious Amphotericin B (AmB) nanoformulations can be designed by augmenting AmB in the monomeric or super-aggregated state, and restricting the aggregated state, by choosing the appropriate excipient, which can be facilitated by employing in-silico prediction as a tool. Excipients selected for the study included linear fatty acids from caprylic (C8) to stearic(C18) and the stearate based amphiphilic surfactants polyoxyl-15-hydroxystearate (PS15) and polyoxyl-40-stearate (PS40). Blend module was employed to determine the two miscibility parameters mixing energy (Emix) and interaction parameter (χ). AmB-excipient interactions were modelled using molecular docking software. The fatty acids revealed a decrease in Emix and χ values with increase in carbon chain length, suggesting enhanced affinity with increase in fatty acid hydrophobicity. Significantly higher affinity was observed with amphiphilic surfactants, in particular PS40 which exhibited negative values of Emix and χ proposing very high degree of miscibility. Molecular docking study confirmed extensive interaction of all the excipients with the AmB polyene chain. PS15 and PS40 displayed in addition hydrophilic interactions with the mycosamine and polyol moieties with PS40 exhibiting complete wrapping of the AmB molecule. PS15 demonstrated only partial wrapping, attributed to the shorter ethylene oxide chain. AmB nanosuspensions (NS) were prepared by in situ nanoprecipitation using the excipients and the AmB state identified by UV scanning between 300–500 nm. AmB NS with fatty acids and PS15-AmB NS revealed a high intensity peak between 330–350 nm of aggregated AmB and low intensity monomeric peaks between 405–415 nm reflecting predominance of the aggregated state. PS40-AmB NS on the other hand revealed complete absence of aggregated state and a high intensity peak between 321–325 nm which corresponded to the super-aggregated state. Also, the super-aggregated state slowly released the safe monomeric form without aggregate formation. Furthermore, very low hemolysis seen with PS40-AmB NS confirmed low toxicity attributed to the safer super-aggregated state and while higher hemolysis as anticipated was seen with PS15-AmB NS (aggregated state). The basis for selection of the appropriate excipient for design of safer AmB nanoformulations would be those excipients that exhibit negative values of miscibility parameters Emix and χ, exhibit interaction with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of AmB and demonstrate complete wrapping of AmB in the molecular docking study. Our study thus demonstrates feasibility of in-silico prediction as a practical tool for excipient selection for safer AmB nanoformulations.



中文翻译:

计算机模拟方法作为选择赋形剂的工具,用于更安全的两性霉素 B 纳米制剂

可以通过在单体或超聚集状态下增加 AmB 并通过选择适当的赋形剂来限制聚集状态来设计更安全和有效的两性霉素 B (AmB) 纳米制剂,这可以通过采用计算机预测作为工具来促进。为该研究选择的赋形剂包括从辛酸 (C 8 ) 到硬脂酸 (C 18 ) 的直链脂肪酸以及基于硬脂酸酯的两亲表面活性剂聚氧基-15-羟基硬脂酸酯 (PS15) 和聚氧基-40-硬脂酸酯 (PS40)。混合模块用于确定混合能量 (E mix ) 和相互作用参数 (χ) 的两个混溶性参数。AmB-赋形剂相互作用使用分子对接软件建模。脂肪酸显示E减少mix和 χ 值随着碳链长度的增加而增加,表明亲和力随着脂肪酸疏水性的增加而增强。与两亲表面活性剂观察到显着更高的亲和力,特别是表现出 E mix为负值的 PS40和 χ 提出了非常高的混溶性。分子对接研究证实了所有赋形剂与 AmB 多烯链的广泛相互作用。PS15 和 PS40 还表现出与霉胺和多元醇部分的亲水相互作用,而 PS40 表现出 AmB 分子的完全包裹。PS15 仅表现出部分包裹,归因于较短的环氧乙烷链。AmB 纳米混悬剂 (NS) 使用赋形剂通过原位纳米沉淀制备,并且通过 300-500 nm 之间的 UV 扫描确定 AmB 状态。带有脂肪酸的 AmB NS 和 PS15-AmB NS 显示出聚合 AmB 的 330-350 nm 之间的高强度峰和 405-415 nm 之间的低强度单体峰,反映了聚合状态的优势。另一方面,PS40-AmB NS 显示完全没有聚集状态,并且在 321-325 nm 之间有一个高强度峰,对应于超聚集状态。此外,超聚集状态缓慢释放安全单体形式而没有聚集体形成。此外,用 PS40-AmB NS 观察到的非常低的溶血证实了低毒性,这归因于更安全的超聚集状态,而用 PS15-AmB NS(聚集状态)观察到的溶血较高。选择合适的赋形剂以设计更安全的 AmB 纳米制剂的基础是那些表现出混溶性参数 E 为负值的赋形剂 用 PS40-AmB NS 观察到的非常低的溶血证实了低毒性,这归因于更安全的超聚集状态,而在 PS15-AmB NS(聚集状态)中观察到了预期的更高溶血。选择合适的赋形剂以设计更安全的 AmB 纳米制剂的基础是那些表现出混溶性参数 E 为负值的赋形剂 用 PS40-AmB NS 观察到的非常低的溶血证实了低毒性,这归因于更安全的超聚集状态,而在 PS15-AmB NS(聚集状态)中观察到了预期的更高溶血。选择合适的赋形剂以设计更安全的 AmB 纳米制剂的基础是那些表现出混溶性参数 E 为负值的赋形剂mix和 χ,表现出与 AmB 的疏水和亲水区域的相互作用,并在分子对接研究中证明 AmB 的完全包裹。因此,我们的研究证明了计算机预测作为一种实用工具来选择更安全的 AmB 纳米制剂的赋形剂的可行性。

更新日期:2022-08-01
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