Palaeoradiology is increasingly being used in archaeological and forensic sciences as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional histological methods for investigating bone microanatomy and its destruction by diagenetic processes. To better understand ancient mortuary practices, taphonomic studies using microCT scanning methods are gaining an ever more important role. Recently it was demonstrated that 2D virtual sections obtained by microCT scanning of intact samples are comparable to physical sections for the rating and diagnosis of bioerosion in archaeological bone. Importantly, volume image data obtained from tomographic methods also allow the rendering and analysis of 3D models. Building on these methods we provide (1) detailed descriptions of bioerosion in 3D volume renderings, virtual sections, and traditional micrographs, and (2) accessible techniques for the visualization of bioerosion in skeletal samples. The dataset is based on twenty-eight cortical bone samples, including twenty femora (of which five are cremated), two ribs, two parietals, one mandibular ramus, one humerus, and two faunal long bones from five archaeological sites in Lower Austria dating from the Early Neolithic to the Late Iron Age. Notably, we reduce the need for time-consuming image segmentation by sequentially applying two noise-reducing, edge-preserving filters, and using an image-display transfer function that visualizes bioerosion, as well as Haversian and Volkmann canal structure and density in 3D. In doing so we are also able to visualize in 3D the invasion of canals by microbiota, which has previously only been reported in 2D sections. Unlike conventional thin sections, the 3D volume images shown here are easy to create and interpret, even for archaeologists inexperienced in histology, and readily facilitate the illustration and communication of microtaphonomic effects.

古放射学越来越多地用于考古和法医学，作为传统组织学方法的微创替代方法，用于研究骨显微解剖及其成岩过程的破坏。为了更好地了解古代太平间的做法，使用 microCT 扫描方法的埋葬研究正在发挥越来越重要的作用。最近证明，通过对完整样本的 microCT 扫描获得的 2D 虚拟切片与物理切片相当，可用于评估和诊断考古骨骼中的生物侵蚀。重要的是，从断层扫描方法获得的体积图像数据还允许渲染和分析 3D 模型。基于这些方法，我们提供 (1) 3D 体积渲染、虚拟切片和传统显微照片中生物侵蚀的详细描述，(2) 骨骼样本中生物侵蚀可视化的可访问技术。该数据集基于 28 个皮质骨样本，包括 20 个股骨（其中 5 个已火化）、2 个肋骨、2 个顶骨、1 个下颌支、1 个肱骨和 2 个来自下奥地利州考古遗址的动物长骨新石器时代早期到铁器时代晚期。值得注意的是，我们通过顺序应用两个降噪、边缘保留滤波器，并使用可视化生物侵蚀的图像显示传递函数以及哈弗斯和沃尔克曼管结构和 3D 密度来减少耗时的图像分割。通过这样做，我们还能够在 3D 中可视化微生物群对运河的入侵，这以前只在 2D 切片中报告过。与传统的薄片不同，