First-aid hemostatic agents for acute bleeding can save lives in emergency situations. However, rapid hemostasis remains challenging when uncontrolled hemorrhage occurs on lethal noncompressible and irregular wounds. Herein, cellulose-based cryogel microspheres with deliberately customized micromorphologies for ultrafast water transportation and diffusion, including the shark skin riblet-inspired wrinkled surface with low fluid drag and the hydrophilic nanoporous 3D networks, are developed to deal with the acute noncompressible bleeding within seconds. These cryogel microspheres can rapidly absorb a large amount of blood over 6 times their own weight in 10 s and form a robust barrier to seal a bleeding wound without applying pressure. Remarkably, massive bleeding from a cardiac penetrating hole is effectively stopped using the microspheres within 20 s and no blood leakage is observed after 30 min. Additionally, these microspheres could be readily removed without rebleeding and capillary thrombus, which is highly favorable to rapid hemostasis in emergency rescue.

中文翻译：

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具有纳米孔和可控皱纹形态的纤维素基冷冻凝胶微球用于快速止血

急性出血的急救止血剂可以在紧急情况下挽救生命。然而，当致命的不可压缩和不规则伤口发生不受控制的出血时，快速止血仍然具有挑战性。在这里，基于纤维素的冷冻凝胶微球具有特意定制的微形貌，用于超快的水运输和扩散，包括受鲨鱼皮纹启发的低流体阻力褶皱表面和亲水性纳米多孔 3D 网络，可在几秒钟内处理急性不可压缩出血。这些冷冻凝胶微球可以在 10 秒内快速吸收超过自身重量 6 倍的大量血液，并形成坚固的屏障，在不施加压力的情况下密封出血伤口。值得注意的是，使用微球在 20 秒内有效地阻止了心脏穿通孔的大量出血，30 分钟后没有观察到血液泄漏。此外，这些微球可以很容易地去除而不会再出血和毛细血管血栓，这非常有利于紧急救援中的快速止血。