ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the impact of process-based and strategy-based cognitive training to boost performance in healthy older adults. Three groups trained with either a dichotic listening training (process-based training, n = 25), an implementation intention strategy training (strategy-based training, n = 23), or served as a non-contact control group (n = 30). Our results demonstrated that training participants improved their performance in the trained tasks (process-based training: d = 3.01, strategy-based training: d = 2.6). For untrained tasks, the process-based training group showed significant working memory (d = .58) as well as episodic memory task improvement (d = 1.19) compared to the strategy-based training and to the non-contact control group (all d < .03). In contrast, in the strategy-based training group there was a tendency towards some performance gain in a fluid intelligence test (d = .92). These results indicate that cognitive training can be tailored to improve specific cognitive abilities.

摘要

本研究调查了基于过程和基于策略的认知训练对提高健康老年人表现的影响。三组接受二分听力训练（基于过程的训练，n = 25）、实施意图策略训练（基于策略的训练，n = 23），或作为非接触对照组（n = 30） 。我们的结果表明，培训参与者提高了他们在受训任务中的表现（基于流程的培训：d = 3.01，基于策略的培训：d = 2.6）。对于未经训练的任务，与基于策略的训练和非接触对照组（所有 d < .03)。相比之下，在基于策略的训练组中，流体智力测试中有一些表现提高的趋势 (d = .92)。这些结果表明，可以定制认知训练来提高特定的认知能力。