The new apatite-group mineral pliniusite, ideally Ca5(VO4)3F, was found in fumarole deposits at the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, and in a pyrometamorphic rock of the Hatrurim Complex, Israel. Pliniusite, together with fluorapatite and svabite, forms a novel and almost continuous ternary solid-solution system characterized by wide variations of T5+ = P, As, and V. In paleo-fumarolic deposits at Mountain 1004 (Tolbachik), members of this system, including the holotype pliniusite, are associated with hematite, tenorite, diopside, andradite, kainotropite, baryte and supergene volborthite, brochantite, gypsum and opal. In sublimates of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole (Tolbachik), pliniusite–svabite–fluorapatite minerals coexist with anhydrite, diopside, hematite, berzeliite, schäferite, calciojohillerite, forsterite, enstatite, magnesioferrite, ludwigite, rhabdoborite-group fluoroborates, powellite, baryte, udinaite, arsenudinaite, paraberzeliite, and spinel. At Nahal Morag, Negev Desert, Israel, the pliniusite cotype and V-bearing fluorapatite occur in schorlomite-gehlenite paralava with rankinite, walstromite, zadovite-aradite series minerals, magnesioferrite, hematite, khesinite, barioferrite, perovskite, gurimite, baryte, tenorite, delafos-site, wollastonite, and cuspidine. Pliniusite forms hexagonal prismatic crystals up to 0.3 × 0.1 mm and open-work aggregates up to 2 mm across (Mountain 1004) or grains up to 0.02 mm (Nahal Morag and Arsenatnaya fumarole). Pliniusite is transparent to semitransparent, colorless or whitish, with a vitreous luster. The calculated density is 3.402 g/cm−3. Pliniusite is optically uniaxial (–), ω = 1.763(5), ε = 1.738(5). The empirical formulas of pliniusite type specimens calculated based on 13 anions (O+F+Cl) per formula unit are (Ca4.87Na0.06Sr0.03Fe0.02)Σ4.98(V1.69As0.66P0.45S0.12Si0.09)Σ3.01O11.97F1.03 (Mountain 1004) and (Ca4.81Sr0.12Ba0.08Na0.05)Σ5.06(V2.64P0.27S0.07Si0.03)Σ3.01O12.15F0.51Cl0.34 (Nahal Morag). Pliniusite has a hexagonal structure with space group P63/m, a = b = 9.5777(7), c = 6.9659(5) Å, V = 553.39(7) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure was solved using single-crystal (holotype) X-ray diffraction, R = 0.0254. The mineral was named in honor of the famous Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder, born Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23–79). It is suggested that the combination of high temperature, low pressure, and high oxygen fugacity favors the incorporation of V5+ into calcium apatite-type compounds, leading to the formation of fluorovanadates.

中文翻译：

---

Pliniusite，Ca5(VO4)3F，一种新的磷灰石族矿物和新型天然三元固溶体系pliniusite-svabite-fluorapatite

在俄罗斯堪察加托尔巴奇克火山的喷气孔沉积物中和以色列哈特里姆复合体的火变质岩中发现了新的磷灰石族矿物 pliniusite，理想情况下是 Ca5(VO4)3F。Pliniusite 与氟磷灰石和方铅矿一起形成了一种新颖且几乎连续的三元固溶体系，其特征在于 T5+ = P、As 和 V 的广泛变化。包括正型普林尼石，与赤铁矿、黑锰矿、透辉石、红辉石、开诺辉石、重晶石和表生火山灰、绿铜矿、石膏和蛋白石有关。在活跃的 Arsenatnaya 喷气孔 (Tolbachik) 的升华物中，普林尼石-方铅矿-氟磷灰石矿物与硬石膏、透辉石、赤铁矿、绿镁石、方铅矿、钙镁石、镁橄榄石、顽火辉石、镁铁矿共存，ludwigite、rhabdoborite-group fluoroborates、powellite、重晶石、udinaite、arsenudinaite、paraberzeliite 和尖晶石。在以色列内盖夫沙漠的纳哈尔莫拉格，pliniusite cotype 和含 V 的氟磷灰石出现在具有 rankinite、walstromite、zadovite-aradite 系列矿物、菱镁铁矿、赤铁矿、菱镁矿、重晶铁矿、钙钛矿、gurimite、重晶石、tenorite 的磷辉石 - 钙长石副熔岩中， delafos-site，硅灰石和cuspidine。Pliniusite 形成高达 0.3 × 0.1 毫米的六角棱柱晶体和高达 2 毫米宽的开放式聚集体（Mountain 1004）或高达 0.02 毫米的晶粒（Nahal Morag 和 Arsenatnaya 喷气孔）。Pliniusite 透明至半透明，无色或带白色，有玻璃光泽。计算出的密度为 3.402 g/cm-3。Pliniusite 是光学单轴 (–)，ω = 1.763(5)，ε = 1.738(5)。以13个阴离子(O+F+Cl)为单位计算的斜长石型试样经验公式为(Ca4.87Na0.06Sr0.03Fe0.02)Σ4.98(V1.69As0.66P0.45S0.12Si0.09) Σ3.01O11.97F1.03 (Mountain 1004) 和 (Ca4.81Sr0.12Ba0.08Na0.05)Σ5.06(V2.64P0.27S0.07Si0.03)Σ3.01O12.15F0.51Cl0.34 (Nahal Morag) . Pliniusite 具有六方结构，空间群为 P63/m，a = b = 9.5777(7)，c = 6.9659(5) Å，V = 553.39(7) Å3，Z = 2。该结构使用单晶求解(正型) X 射线衍射，R = 0.0254。该矿物的命名是为了纪念著名的罗马博物学家老普林尼，他出生于 Gaius Plinius Secundus（公元 23-79 年）。表明高温、低压和高氧逸度的组合有利于 V5+ 掺入磷灰石型钙化合物中，导致氟钒酸盐的形成。