Abstract

This article addresses the nationality issue in the post-First World War Turkey through an analysis of the vibrant debates on the future of the defeated Ottoman state and its peoples. It focuses on how nationality was formulated, specifically, by the Ottoman Muslim-Turkish intellectuals, publicists and by the leadership of the National Struggle. Their interpretations of Ottomanism, Turkish nationalism, the wartime destruction of the Armenians, the situation of the Greeks and the future of the Kurds is analyzed in this respect by using the columns and editorials of contemporaneous newspapers and printed official documents. It argues that the diametrically opposed secular Ottoman nationalism cherishing co-existence of all ethnic and religious groups and the Ottomanism based on Muslimness-Turkishness were reformulated in radically changed geopolitical and demographic circumstances as the basis of the future collective identity.

摘要

本文通过分析关于战败的奥斯曼帝国及其人民的未来的激烈辩论，探讨了第一次世界大战后土耳其的国籍问题。它侧重于民族性是如何形成的，特别是奥斯曼穆斯林-土耳其知识分子、政治家和民族斗争的领导层。他们对奥斯曼主义、土耳其民族主义、亚美尼亚人的战时破坏、希腊人的处境和库尔德人的未来的解释在这方面通过使用同时期报纸和印刷的官方文件的专栏和社论进行了分析。