Plants play a crucial role in global carbon biogeochemical cycling and natural terrestrial carbon sinks. Dynamic changes in plant-related carbon cycling processes under changing climate and atmospheric compositions are hot scientific issues concerning carbon neutrality. Ozone, as a damaging oxidant, shows a rising trend near the ground where plants grow, directly and indirectly impacting forests and other types of vegetation. This review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric ozone levels on plant-related carbon cycling processes, including carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation, carbon allocation to roots, volatile emissions, soil carbon sequestration and litter decomposition. Based on previous studies, we propose that field observations, especially in situ long-term observations under natural growing conditions in well-designed networks with a better representation, are needed to deeply understand the effects of elevated ozone on plants. Apart from an overwhelming concern about the influence of ozone on crop yields, studies on the effects of elevated ozone on forests, especially tropical and subtropical forests, should be strengthened in the future. Meanwhile, the interactions between ozone and plants should be considered in understanding plants’ feedback to oxidants through emissions of volatiles and other trace gases. Moreover, geochemical techniques such as carbon isotopes and molecular markers, along with big data and artificial intelligence approaches, can be extensively used to decode and constrain the ozone-plant relationships, such as those between net primary productivity and ozone.

植物在全球碳生物地球化学循环和陆地天然碳汇中发挥着至关重要的作用。气候和大气成分变化下植物相关碳循环过程的动态变化是有关碳中和的热门科学问题。臭氧作为一种破坏性氧化剂，在植物生长的地面附近呈上升趋势，直接或间接影响森林和其他类型的植被。本综述重点关注大气臭氧水平升高对植物相关碳循环过程的影响，包括二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 同化、根系碳分配、挥发性排放、土壤碳固存和凋落物分解。基于以前的研究，我们建议现场观察，尤其是现场观察需要在具有更好代表性的精心设计的网络中在自然生长条件下进行长期观察，以深入了解臭氧升高对植物的影响。除了对臭氧对作物产量影响的强烈关注外，未来还应加强对臭氧升高对森林，特别是热带和亚热带森林的影响的研究。同时，在了解植物通过挥发物和其他微量气体排放对氧化剂的反馈时，应考虑臭氧与植物之间的相互作用。此外，碳同位素和分子标记等地球化学技术以及大数据和人工智能方法可广泛用于解码和约束臭氧与植物的关系，例如净初级生产力和臭氧之间的关系。