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Thermoresponsive Polymeric Nanolenses Magnify the Thermal Sensitivity of Single Upconverting Nanoparticles
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202452 Dasheng Lu 1, 2, 3 , Jorge Rubio Retama 3, 4 , Riccardo Marin 1, 3 , Manuel I Marqués 2, 5 , Oscar G Calderón 6 , Sonia Melle 6 , Patricia Haro-González 1, 2 , Daniel Jaque 1, 3
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202452 Dasheng Lu 1, 2, 3 , Jorge Rubio Retama 3, 4 , Riccardo Marin 1, 3 , Manuel I Marqués 2, 5 , Oscar G Calderón 6 , Sonia Melle 6 , Patricia Haro-González 1, 2 , Daniel Jaque 1, 3
Affiliation
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Lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are trustworthy workhorses in luminescent nanothermometry. The use of UCNPs-based nanothermometers has enabled the determination of the thermal properties of cell membranes and monitoring of in vivo thermal therapies in real time. However, UCNPs boast low thermal sensitivity and brightness, which, along with the difficulty in controlling individual UCNP remotely, make them less than ideal nanothermometers at the single-particle level. In this work, it is shown how these problems can be elegantly solved using a thermoresponsive polymeric coating. Upon decorating the surface of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ UCNPs with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a >10-fold enhancement in optical forces is observed, allowing stable trapping and manipulation of a single UCNP in the physiological temperature range (20–45 °C). This optical force improvement is accompanied by a significant enhancement of the thermal sensitivity— a maximum value of 8% °C+1 at 32 °C induced by the collapse of PNIPAM. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement in thermal sensitivity mainly stems from the high-refractive-index polymeric coating that behaves as a nanolens of high numerical aperture. The results in this work demonstrate how UCNP nanothermometers can be further improved by an adequate surface decoration and open a new avenue toward highly sensitive single-particle nanothermometry.
中文翻译：
热响应聚合物纳米透镜放大了单个上转换纳米粒子的热敏感性
基于镧系元素的上转换纳米粒子 (UCNPs) 是发光纳米温度测量中值得信赖的主力。使用基于 UCNPs 的纳米温度计能够确定细胞膜的热特性并实时监测体内热疗法。然而，UCNPs 具有较低的热灵敏度和亮度，再加上难以远程控制单个 UCNP，使其在单粒子水平上不如理想的纳米温度计。在这项工作中，展示了如何使用热响应聚合物涂层巧妙地解决这些问题。在 NaYF 4 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ UCNPs表面用poly( N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM），观察到光学力增强 > 10 倍，允许在生理温度范围（20-45°C）内稳定捕获和操纵单个 UCNP。这种光学力的提高伴随着热灵敏度的显着提高——由 PNIPAM 坍塌引起的 32 °C 时的最大值为 8% °C +1 。数值模拟表明，热灵敏度的提高主要源于高折射率聚合物涂层，该涂层充当高数值孔径的纳米透镜。这项工作的结果证明了如何通过适当的表面装饰进一步改进 UCNP 纳米温度计，并为高灵敏度单粒子纳米温度计开辟一条新途径。
更新日期：2022-07-30
中文翻译：
热响应聚合物纳米透镜放大了单个上转换纳米粒子的热敏感性
基于镧系元素的上转换纳米粒子 (UCNPs) 是发光纳米温度测量中值得信赖的主力。使用基于 UCNPs 的纳米温度计能够确定细胞膜的热特性并实时监测体内热疗法。然而，UCNPs 具有较低的热灵敏度和亮度，再加上难以远程控制单个 UCNP，使其在单粒子水平上不如理想的纳米温度计。在这项工作中，展示了如何使用热响应聚合物涂层巧妙地解决这些问题。在 NaYF 4 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ UCNPs表面用poly( N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM），观察到光学力增强 > 10 倍，允许在生理温度范围（20-45°C）内稳定捕获和操纵单个 UCNP。这种光学力的提高伴随着热灵敏度的显着提高——由 PNIPAM 坍塌引起的 32 °C 时的最大值为 8% °C +1 。数值模拟表明，热灵敏度的提高主要源于高折射率聚合物涂层，该涂层充当高数值孔径的纳米透镜。这项工作的结果证明了如何通过适当的表面装饰进一步改进 UCNP 纳米温度计，并为高灵敏度单粒子纳米温度计开辟一条新途径。
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