Fragmentation affects river ecosystems worldwide by dampening the movement and dispersal of aquatic organisms and material (such as sediment, water, nutrients) across the river network. In this paper, we develop river connectivity indices to explain biodiversity patterns, prioritize reaches that need habitat restoration and barriers that need improvement. We provide a general framework for calculating connectivity indices by disentangling the contribution of the river network's physical setup (structural connectivity) from the process-driven and biota-related contribution (functional connectivity). To facilitate the calculations, the R package ‘riverconn’ is introduced. A prioritization of habitats and barriers is carried out for the Ebro river (North-West Iberian Peninsula) using indices setups accounting for different classes of organisms and dispersal traits. Resulting prioritizations are very diverse. ‘Riverconn’ can support scientists and managers working on riverscape planning and population and community ecology by providing a means to compute and compare a wide array of fragmentation indices.

破碎化通过抑制水生生物和物质（如沉积物、水、养分）在河网中的运动和扩散来影响全球河流生态系统。在本文中，我们开发了河流连通性指数来解释生物多样性模式、优先考虑需要恢复栖息地的河段和需要改善的障碍。我们通过将河流网络的物理设置（结构连通性）与过程驱动和生物群相关贡献（功能连通性）分开来提供计算连通性指数的通用框架。为了方便计算，引入了 R 包“riverconn”。对埃布罗河（伊比利亚半岛西北部）的栖息地和屏障进行了优先排序，使用的指数设置考虑了不同类别的生物和扩散特征。由此产生的优先级非常多样化。“Riverconn”可以通过提供一种计算和比较各种碎片指数的方法来支持从事河景规划以及人口和社区生态学的科学家和管理人员。