Cognitive neuroscience aims to provide biologically relevant accounts of cognition. Contemporary research linking spatial patterns of neural activity to psychological constructs describes 'where' hypothesised functions occur, but not 'how' these regions contribute to cognition. Technological, empirical, and conceptual advances allow this mechanistic gap to be closed by embedding patterns of functional activity in macro- and microscale descriptions of brain organisation. Recent work on the default mode network (DMN) and the multiple demand network (MDN), for example, highlights a microarchitectural landscape that may explain how activity in these networks integrates varied information, thus providing an anatomical foundation that will help to explain how these networks contribute to many different cognitive states. This perspective highlights emerging insights into how microarchitecture can constrain network accounts of human cognition.

认知神经科学旨在提供与生物学相关的认知解释。将神经活动的空间模式与心理结构联系起来的当代研究描述了假设功能发生的“位置”，但没有描述这些区域“如何”对认知做出贡献。技术、经验和概念的进步允许通过在大脑组织的宏观和微观尺度描述中嵌入功能活动模式来缩小这种机制差距。例如，最近关于默认模式网络 (DMN) 和多需求网络 (MDN) 的工作突出了一个微架构景观，可以解释这些网络中的活动如何整合不同的信息，从而提供有助于解释这些网络的解剖学基础。网络有助于许多不同的认知状态。