Amphiphiles and surfactants are surface-active molecules with special properties at interfaces, and they can undergo different modes of self-association forming colloidal entities in solution. They can also stabilize other colloidal dispersions including nanoparticles, and help the formation and protection of nanodispersions resulting from chemical reactions. In this study, we have discussed the formation, properties, and applications of such nanocolloid-like species formed in solution by different methods with special stress on various types of surfactants. Nanoparticles show the difference in melting point, electrochemical properties, conductance, etc., from their corresponding bulk material. Classical thermodynamics is used to explain this property. The basics of such processes, their types, morphology, stability, and usefulness have been presented and discussed. The types of assemblies that arise from the self-associations of the amphiphiles, and surfactants under different conditions (i.e., micelles, reverse micelles, vesicles, liposomes, niosomes, etc.) have been also presented. Examples of their types, morphologies, transformations, and applications in relation to the stability, and functions of nanodispersions or nanocolloids are exemplified with multiple illustrations from earlier as well as recent research. The use of biosurfactants and block copolymers is also discussed. The stabilization of nanoparticles by “capping” has been discussed in some detail. A short account of the hydrothermal and solvothermal processes of synthesis of nanomaterials using amphiphiles as templates has been also presented. The multiple applications of amphiphile-mediated nanoscience have been briefly presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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表面活性物质（两亲物和表面活性剂）在纳米胶体分散体形成中的作用及其应用

两亲物和表面活性剂是在界面处具有特殊性质的表面活性分子，它们可以在溶液中进行不同模式的自缔合形成胶体实体。它们还可以稳定包括纳米颗粒在内的其他胶体分散体，并有助于形成和保护由化学反应产生的纳米分散体。在这项研究中，我们讨论了通过不同方法在溶液中形成的这种类纳米胶体物质的形成、性质和应用，对各种类型的表面活性剂具有特殊的压力。纳米颗粒与其相应的块状材料在熔点、电化学性质、电导等方面表现出差异。经典热力学用于解释此属性。这些过程的基础，它们的类型，形态，稳定性，和实用性已经提出和讨论。两亲物和表面活性剂在不同条件下（即胶束、反胶束、囊泡、脂质体、脂质体等）的自缔合产生的组装类型也已提出。它们的类型、形态、转化以及与纳米分散体或纳米胶体的稳定性和功能相关的应用的例子都通过早期和最近研究的多个例子进行了举例说明。还讨论了生物表面活性剂和嵌段共聚物的使用。已经详细讨论了通过“封盖”稳定纳米粒子。还简要介绍了使用两亲物作为模板合成纳米材料的水热和溶剂热过程。