The overexploitation of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations, thereby causing problems, such as the greenhouse effect. Rapid global climate change has caused researchers to focus on utilizing CO₂ in a green and efficient manner. One of the ways to achieve this is by converting CO₂ into valuable chemicals via chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, or enzymatic methods. Among these, the enzymatic method is advantageous because of its high specificity and selectivity as well as the mild reaction conditions required. The reduction of CO₂ to formate, formaldehyde, and methanol using formate dehydrogenase (FDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (F_aldDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are attractive routes, respectively. In this review, strategies for overcoming the common limitations of enzymatic CO₂ reduction are discussed. First, we present a brief background on the importance of minimizing of CO₂ emissions and introduce the three bottlenecks limiting enzymatic CO₂ reduction. Thereafter, we explore the different strategies for enzyme immobilization on various support materials. To solve the problem of cofactor consumption, different state-of-the-art cofactor regeneration strategies as well as research on the development of cofactor substitutes and cofactor-free systems are extensively discussed. Moreover, aiming at improving CO₂ solubility, biological, physical, and engineering measures are reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are presented.

化石燃料的过度开采导致大气中二氧化碳（CO ₂）浓度显着增加，从而引发温室效应等问题。快速的全球气候变化导致研究人员专注于以绿色和高效的方式利用 CO _{2 。}实现这一目标的方法之一是通过化学、光化学、电化学或酶促方法将 CO ₂转化为有价值的化学品。其中，酶法具有较高的特异性和选择性，反应条件温和，具有优势。_{使用甲酸脱氢酶 (FDH)、甲醛脱氢酶 (F) 将 CO 2}还原为甲酸、甲醛和甲醇_ald DH) 和乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH) 分别是有吸引力的途径。在这篇综述中，讨论了克服酶促 CO ₂还原的常见限制的策略。首先，我们简要介绍了减少 CO ₂排放的重要性，并介绍了限制酶促 CO ₂减少的三个瓶颈。此后，我们探索了将酶固定在各种支持材料上的不同策略。为了解决辅因子消耗问题，广泛讨论了不同的最先进的辅因子再生策略以及辅因子替代品和无辅因子系统的开发研究。此外，以改善CO _2为目标溶解度，生物，物理和工程措施进行了审查。最后，给出结论和未来展望。